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Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 190 Series 0, Underground "Waters, 67 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR 



UNDERGROUND WATERS 



OF 



COASTAL PLAIN OF TEXAS 



BY 



THOMAS U. TAYLOR 




WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1907 




(lass (\ B iQS.5 

Book T^ T^ 



Digitized by the Internet Archive 
in 2011 with funding from 
The Library of Congress 



http://www.archive.org/details/undergroundwaterOOtayl 



Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 190 Series 0, Underground Waters, 67 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

CHARLES D. WALCOTT, Director 



7%) 



UNDERGROUND WATERS 



OF 



COASTAL PLAIN OF TEXAS 



BY 



THOMAS U. TAYLOR 




WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 



1907 

2^1 SeJ 



»W" 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 

Introduction 1 

Area covered 1 

Sources of data 1 

Geography of the region 1 

General statement 1 

Topography 2 

Drainage 2 

Geology 2 

Underground waters, by counties 2 

Cameron County . 3 

Hidalgo County ^ 7 

Starr County 8 

Nueces County 9 

San Patricio County 13 

Refugio County 13 

Aransas County 14 

Calhoun County •..■ 14 

Victoria County .' . . : 15 

Jackson County ■_ 16 

Matagorda County • 19 

Wharton County 19 

Brazoria County 21 

Fort Bend County 24 

Harris County 24 

Galveston County 27 

Chambers County 30 

Jefferson County <&. 31 

Orange County 32 

Zapata County 33 

Duval County . _ 33 

Live Oak County 33 

Bee County 34 

Goliad County 34 

Karnes County 34 

Dewitt County 34 

Gonzales County 35 

Lavaca County ? 38 

Fayette County 39 

Colorado County 39 

Austin County 41 

Waller County 41 

Washington County 41 

Grimes County 42 

in 



IV CONTENTS. 

Underground waters, by counties — Continued. p age . 

Liberty County „_ 43 

Montgomery County • 44 

Walker County , 46 

San Jacinto County 46 

Polk County . . . .' 46 

Hardin County 47 

Tyler County 48 

Jasper County 48 

Newton County 50 

Webb County 50 

Maverick County 51 

Dimmit County 51 

Zavalla County 52 

Lasalle County 53 

McMullen County 53 

Frio County 54 

Atascosa County 55 

Bexar County T 55 

Wilson County 57 

Guadalupe County 57 

Caldwell County _, 57 

Bastrop County 58 

Lee County 58 

Robertson County 58 

Milam County ■_ 59 

Burleson County 60 

Brazos County 61 

Madison County 62 

Leon County 62 

Freestone County 63 

Houston County 63 

Anderson County 63 

Limestone County 63 

Cherokee, Trinity, Angelina, San Augustine, and Sabine counties 63 

Nacogdoches County 64 

Shelby, Panola, and Rusk counties 65 

Van Zandt and Rains counties 65 

Smith County 66 

Wood and Gregg counties 66 

Upshur County 67 

Harrison County _ . . 67 

Marion County 67 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Plate I. A, A typical artesian well in the Texas Coastal Plain; B, Artesian 

well 4 miles south of Pearsall, Tex 1 

II. Map showing location of artesian wells in the Texas Coastal Plain. . . 2 

III. Artesian wells in Rio Grande embayment 6 



UNDERGROUND WATERS OF THE COASTAL 
PLAIN OF TEXAS. 



By T. U. Taylor. 



INTRODUCTION. 

Area covered. — The region to which this report relates includes the 
greater part of the Coastal Plain of Texas. It comprises an area 
about 150 miles wide, bordering the coast and extending across the 
entire State. According to R. T. Hill's classification it includes the 
" eastern" and " southern" provinces, and it is bordered on the west, 
from Del Rio to Colorado River, by the " Edwards Plateau," and, 
from the Colorado River to the Arkansas State line, by the "Black 
Prairie." It includes the district lying between the coast and a line 
connecting Texarkana with Del Rio, through Cooper, Greenville, 
Corsicana, Cameron, Elgin, and San Antonio, an area of about 75,000 
square miles. 

Sources of data. — The information on which this report is based has 
been obtained partly by personal visits to the various localities and 
partly by correspondence. Information has been furnished by the 
following persons: B. M. Haberer, C. F. H. von Blucher, Randolph 
Robertson, F. W. Simonds, H. W. Harper, Ira H. Evans, Rudolph 
Kleberg, T. J. Lyne, G. Warnicke, R. D. Parker, O. M. Ball, Garland 
Miller, A. W. Seeligson, J. B. Armstrong, J. L. Ladd, Travis L. Smith, 
E. D. Dorchester, Geo. C. Herman, Geo. J. McManus, J. E. Broussard, 
and J. W. Sanders. The writer is also indebted to Mr. E. T. Dumble, 
former State geologist of Texas, for much valuable information. 

GEOGRAPHY OF THE REGION. 

General statement. — The Coastal Plain of Texas is a continuation of 
the Atlantic Coastal Plain to the east, although in many features it 
differs from that area. In general it consists of a gently sloping plai" 
extending from a high or mountainous background to the Gulf. In 
the eastern part of Texas the Coastal Plain has the general character 
seen in other Southern States, but in its southwestern extension it 
becomes more or less modified, widening to the southwest in the 

1 



2 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 

vicinity of the Rio Grande where there is a great embayment similar 
to that of Mississippi River. South of Colorado River there is a well- 
defined interior border to the Coastal Plain, but to the north of that 
stream the transition between the level and hilly lands is gradual. 

Topography. — The topography of the Texas Coastal Plain presents 
little variety. The surface rises gradually from the sea level at the 
coast to an elevation of 800 to 1,000 feet along the interior margin of 
the province. The portion of the plain bordering the coast is char- 
acterized by a very level surface which, throughout extensive areas, is 
scarcely broken, except by a few shallow drainage ways. The highest 
land along the coast is at Corpus Christi, where the bluffs rise to 40 to 60 
feet above sea level. Toward the interior the surface of the plain 
becomes more diversified, developing into rolling hills which increase 
in number and prominence toward the western margin of the province. 

Drainage. — The Texas Coastal Plain is traversed by many streams. 
The largest of these are the Neches, Trinity, Brazos, Colorado, and 
Nueces rivers. Of all these streams only the Brazos enters the Gulf 
directly, the others emptying into lagoons or bays. South of the 
Nueces the drainage is not completely developed and the entire area 
between this stream and the Rio Grande contains only two small 
creeks, the San Fernando and Olmos, which unite to form Capano 
Bay. The larger streams of the area are generally narrow and deep, 
with feeble currents. Near the shore many of them expand into 
broad, shallow lakes entering the Gulf through shallow bays. While 
there are many streams in the Texas Coastal Plain, much of its surface 
is poorly drained, and in places water stands in lakes or ponds through- 
out the year. 

GEOLOGY. 

The Texas Coastal Plain is developed on a great thickness of soft 
rocks, sands, gravel, clays, and loams in general- spread in thin but 
more or less extensive beds which dip very gently to the east^ These 
sediments have a thickness of several thousand feet and are composed 
of alternating porous and impervious members, producing ideal 
artesian conditions. Over the greater part of the area the rocks are 
of Tertiary age, but along the interior border Upper Cretaceous sedi- 
ments appear. 

UNDERGROUND WATERS, BY COUNTIES. 

General statement. — During recent years the underground-water 
resources of the Texas Coastal Plain have become of considerable 
economic importance. Ground water, which is usually abundant 
throughout the district, has been used for many years for general 
domestic purposes, and small irrigation plants in a few instances have 
derived their water supply from this source. Within recent years 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER NO. 190 PL. 




MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF ARTESIAN WELLS IN THE TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 



CAMERON COUNTY. 3 

artesian wells have been obtained in various parts of the region. 
Some of these furnish flows adequate for considerable irrigation. 
Three of the larger cities in the region, Houston, Galveston, and San 
Antonio, derive their entire city water supply from artesian sources. 
At Houston the city water is supplied by 60 flowing wells, while at 
Galveston and San Antonio 15 and 30 wells, respectively, furnish the 
required amounts. In the vicinity of El Campo, Chesterville, and 
East Bernard shallow artesian wells are employed to a considerable 
extent for rice irrigation, especially where small crops are raised. In 
the vicinity of Webster, in the southern part of Harris County, the 
flow of several ordinary surface wells has been increased, by pumping, 
to such an extent as to furnish water for the irrigation of 60 to 100 
acres of rice. The depth at which artesian water may be obtained 
in the Coastal Plain of Texas varies according to the locality. It 
ranges from a few feet to over 2,000 feet, but the average is about 
600 feet. 

The amount of flow of these wells varies from 20 to 1,600 gallons a 
minute. A typical artesian well of this district is shown in PL I. 
The water is more or less mineralized, but with few exceptions the 
dissolved salts are neither objectionable for domestic purposes nor 
deleterious to plant growth. The general distribution of artesian 
wells of the Coastal Plain of Texas is shown in PL II. 

In the following discussion the underground-water resources of the 
region will be described by counties. 

CAMERON COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — The depths of the shallow wells of Cameron County 
vary from 20 to 100 feet, according to the locality. Along the coast 
water can usually be procured at depths of 20 to 30 feet, but, owing 
to the nearness of the sea, it is generally salty. To the north, along 
the bay, the wells are somewhat deeper, ranging from 20 to 60 feet, 
and in the western part of the county the deepest wells occur, some 
exceeding 100 feet. At Brownsville and in the immediate vicinity 
the average depth of shallow wells is about 30 feet. 

Artesian wells. — Artesian water is now obtained in the northern two- 
thirds of this county, at depths which vary from 600 to 1,200 feet. 
There are about 150 flowing wells in the county. The flows of these 
wells vary from 50 to 1,000 gallons a minute, the average being about 
400 gallons. A group of artesian wells in the Rio Grande embayment 
is shown in PL III (p. 6) . The following is a list of artesian wells in 
Cameron County: 



UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 



Artesian wells in Cameron County. 

THE KENEDY PASTURE COMPANY'S WELLS. 



Name. 


Driller. 


Depth. 


Flow per 
minute. 






Feet. 

710 

825 

890 

1,000 

1,030 

610 

998 

920 

689 

724 

645 

710 

700 

751 

1,019 

720 

1,120 

1,175 

1,035 

1,123 

1,170 

865 

604 

740 

787 

620 

747 

700 

615 

652 

660 

750 

917 

892 

890 

1,080 

1,360 

1,125 

1,033 

1,232 

1,025 

1,130 

1,147 

890 

860 

1,155 

750 

617 

862 

760 

1,403 

1,314 

950 

1,000 

(a) 

• 814 

807 

818. 

1,315 

843 

862 

1,234 

(a) 

951 

803 

(a) 

757 


Gallons. 

75 


Do 


.do... 


150 


Do 


...do... 


600 




.do. . 


250 




.do . 


300 




.do 


80 


Sacahuista! 


do... 


125 


Eurebia 


...do... 


350 




do 


150 




do 


550 


Cobos 


.do 


60 




do . 


1,000 




do 


600 




do 


400 




do 


500 




Guffey & Galey 


500 


Alto 


do 


350 


Casa Mott 


White Bros 


500 




W. P. Gano 


600 




do 


450 




do 


500 


Padre Alejos 


N. G Allen 


450 


Sarita 




300 


Mifflin 




450 


Turcotte 


do 


800 


Snipe 




700 




do 


600 




do 


500 


El Suspiro 


do 


300 


La Saragote 


.do 


450 


Mujeres 


do 


400 


Mesqu^te de Final 


....do... 


300 


Paradlso 


do 


200 


Tio Coulas 


do 


250 


Tecolite 


N. G. Allen . 


300 


Motto Negra 




250 






600 


Agua Negra 


W. P. Gano 


550 




do 


500 




do 


125 


El Toro 




350 


Repara 


.do... 


300 


Mavote,No. 2 


W. P. Gano . . 


700 


Sari Juan, No. 2 




70 


Tio Martin 


do . 


350 


Picacho,No.2 


...do 


110 


Mesquite 


do 


400 


La Serpa 


do 


315 


Miralejos 


do . 


115 


Los Mojaras 


do 


450 


Picacho, No. 1 




600 


No name 


do 


350 


La Piedra 




350 


La Tablome 


do 


350 


Motta Palle 


...do... 




Motta Romendonda 


...do... 


200 


Townsite, No. 1 


W. P. Gano 


275 


Townsite,No. 2 


do 


285 


Medeneta 


.do . 


400 


La Muerta 


.do... 


300 


Bordos 




160 


Gansos, No. 1 


W. P. Gano 


350 


Gansos, No. 2 






El Telephon 




350 


Railroad (new track) 


W. P. Gano 

Wm. Turcotte 

do 


350 


Loma Prieta 




Courta Sacate 


250 









a In progress. 



CAMERON COUJNTTY. 



Artesian wells in Cameron County — Continued. 

LOWER KING RANCH. 



Name. 



Andrea 

Bandera 

Resaca 

Gigante 

Comanche . . . 
Morris City. . 

Vieja 

Loma Prieta. 
Tampico 



Driller. 



A. W. Ferguson. 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

J. C. Curry 

do 

do 



Depth. 



Feet. 
530 
682 
747 
382 
668 

1,364 
851 
838 
719 



Flow per 
minute. 



Gallons. 

70 

12 

200 

75 

35 

60 

300 

300 

50 



MAJ. J. B. ARMSTRONG'S WELLS. 







490 
500 
830 
770 
568 
730 
805 
857 
830 
780 
893 
(a) 


20 




do 


20 




Thos. Fowler 

Curry & Sons 


150 




75 


El Ruco 










00 




J. 0. Curry 

do 


100 




150 


Tokio 


do 


108 


Los Tollidos 


do 


160 






150 




do 











a In progress. 

Record of Atravesada well, on Kenedy ranch, Cameron County. 

Feet. 

Surface soil " - 1^ 

White sand, salty 1J- 10 

White sand 10-35 

Fresh-water seep 35 - 45 

Blue clay and bowlders 45 - 50 

Sand and bowlders 50 - 80 

Cemented shells 80 - 82 

Sand 82-90 

Sand and bowlders 90 -100 

Cemented shells 100 -103 

Clay bowlders 103 -110 

Blue and brown clay 110 -140 

Brown to buff clay 140 -265 

Cemented shells, scallop shaped 265 -320 

Brown to buff clay 320 -330 

Soft sand rock ' 330 -335 

Hard sand rock 335 -360 

Tough clay : 360 -380 

Hard rock , 380 -380| 

Clay 380|-400 

Hard -rock • 400 -400^- 

Clay 400^-420 

Rock 420 -422 

Clay : 422 -440 

Rock 440 -440£ 

Fine-grained bluish rock 440^-460 

Stiff brownish clay 460 -470 

Light-brown clay and sand 470 -555 

Sand 555 -615 



UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN". 

Feet. 

Very hard gumbo 615- 640 

Reddish gumbo 640- 694 

Rock 694- 696 

Clay - . - 696- 700 

Water-bearing sand ; strong flow 700- 720 

Red clay 720- 765 

Hard red clay 765- 860 

Record of ivell at Sauz ranch, Cameron County. 

Feet. 

Pale-red, sandy clay 0- 15 

Sand '. 15- 30 

Very pale-red clay, sandy 30- 50 

Sand containing hard layers 50- 250 

Sand with very soft blue clay 250- 315 

Sand and bluish clay 315- 500 

Sandstone. 500- 512 

Yellow sand 512- 517 

Sandstone 517- 525 

Sand 525- 529 

Very hard bluish rock 529- 699 

Rock and clay 699- . 729 

Red and blue clay with hard layers 729- 899 

Bluish clay with red layers 899- 989 

Reddish and greenish clay 989-1, 099 

Sand 1, 099-1, 104 

Record of Ovejas well, 8 miles east of Sauz ranch, Cameron County. 

Feet. 

Soil and clay 0- 10 

Sand and clay 10- 53 

Clay and sand in hard and soft layers 53- 68 

Sand 68- 81 

White clay and gravels ( ' ' Equus beds " ) 81 - 115 

Sandy clay and sand rock 115- 134 

Sand and sandstone 134- 185 

Clay and sandstone ■ 185- 208 

Sand 208- 225 

Blue clay ". . 225- 278 

Sand 278- 290 

Sand and sandstone 290- 378 

Blue clay 378- 408 

Coarse sand 408- 421 

Clay containing hard layers 421- 442 

Sandstone 442- 450 

Sand .' 450- 470 

White clay 470- 476 

Sand J 476- 490 

Bluish clay 490- 520 

Sand and sandstone 520- 532 

Bluish clay 532- 551 

Sand and sandstone , 551- 560 

Blue clay 560- 585 

Sandy clay 585- 596 

Very fine sand 596- 613 

Sand and sandstone 613- 630 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER NO. 190 PL. Ill 










ARTESIAN WELLS IN RIO GRANDE EMBAYMENT. 



DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 



HIDALGO COUNTY. 



Shallow wells. — Water is procured from wells in Hidalgo County at 
depths varying from 25 feet on the lower ground to 150 feet on the 
highlands. An abundant supply is usually obtained. 

Artesian wells. — During the last few years many successful artesian 
wells have been bored in the northern half of Hidalgo County. These 
are located mainly on the Lasater, Sullivan, Armstrong, Ward & Rus- 
sell, and King ranches. In January, 1906, information had been 
obtained of about 60 of these wells, but there are others about whicn 
no data are available. The following is a partial list of the wells, giv- 
ing their depth and approximate flow. 

Artesian wells in northern Hidalgo County. 
ED. C. LASATER RANCH. 



Name. 


Driller. 


Depth. 


Flow per 
minute. 


No. 9 


O.S.Caldwell 

do 


Feet. 
460 
438 
478 
484 
460 


Gallons. 
10 


No. 4 


35 




Perrv Downs 

do 


75 




75 




do 


25 









D. SULLIVAN RANCH. 



J ap Twins 

Do 


S. A. Hamlin 

do... 


742 
1,008 
820 
630 
630 
350 
530 
530 


400 
600 




do 


800 


Tula Twin 


do 


300 


Do 


do 


400 




do 


500 


South Twin 


do 


200 


Do 


...do... 


150 









WARD & RUSSELL RANCH. 



No. 1 


S. A, Hamlin 


±500 
±500 
±500 
1,008 


Flows. 


No. 2 


do 


Do. 


No. 3 


.do 


Do. 


No. 4 


. do .. 


Do. 









KING RANCH. 





A. W. Ferguson 

do 


382 
530 


75 


Andrea 


70 




...do 




Tampieo 


...do... 


719 

668 
747 


50 


Comanche 


do 


35 




do 


200 







UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 



A chemical analysis of the water of the White Sulphur well (Lasater 
ranch) is given below: 

Analysis of water from White Sulphur well, Lasater ranch, Hidalgo County. a 

Parts pet million. 

Ammonium (NH 4 ) 0. 04 

Sodium (Na) 260. 00 

Magnesium (Mg) 29. 00 

Calcium (Ca) 75.00 

Iron (Fe) 2.60 

Chlorine (CI) , 380.00 

Nitrate radicle (N0 3 ) 02 

Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 170. 00 

Bicarbonate radicle (HC0 3 ) . . . 120. 00 

Silica (Si0 2 ) 36. 00 

Organic matter 12. 00 



1, 084. 66 



Total solids at 105° 
Total solids ignited, 
ness 


lull 


Parts 
red- 


P 
1 

1 


sr million. 
090. 00 

000. 00 


Loss on ignition 

Albuminoid ammonia 
Free ammonia (NH 3 ) 
Nitrites 


(NH 3 ).. 


90.00 
.01 
.023 
.007 


Oxygen required 






4.500 


Temporary hardness. 






140. 00 


Permanent hardness. 






68. 00 



STARR COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Water is generally obtained at shallow depths 
throughout Starr County, but along the Rio Grande a large portion 
of the inhabitants use river water. 

Artesian wells. — Artesian water is found in the northeastern part 
of the county, near the town of Falfurrias. The wells range in depth 
from 540 to 1 ,020 feet. In the deeper borings five distinct water hori- 
zons are encountered, some of which have a capacity of 250 gallons a 
minute. The water is used extensively .for irrigation, and during the 
last two years the progress in artesian irrigation has been very rapid. 
The following is a list of wells in Starr County : 

Artesian wells in Starr County. 



Name. 



Los Mosquitos. 

Mesquite 

Alto Bonito 

Barendo 

Copa 

Falfurrias No. 1 
Novilla 



Depth. 


Flow per 
minute. 


Feet. 


Gallons. 


710 


25 


540 


100 


562 


250 


526 


30 


603 


30 


800 


15 


760 


75 



Name. 



Colosa : 

Railroad 

Tank 

Falfurrias No. 2 
Falfurrias No. 3 
Copita 



Depth. F l°Zr 



Feet. 
669 
810 
756 
1,020 
700 
664 



Gallons. 
100 
150 
100 

80 
110 

75 



a Analysis by H. W. Harper and B. i, 
April, 1903. 



/lascock, school of chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, 



STARR AND NUECES COUNTIES. 



An analysis of the water from the Mesquite well is given below : 

Analysis of ivater from Mesquite well, Lasater ranch, Starr County. a 



Parts per million. 

Ammonium (NH 4 ) 0. 07 

Sodium (Na) 170.00 

Magnesium (Mg) 3 

Calcium (Ca) 38. 00 

Iron(Fe) .1 

Chlorine (CI) 4 

Nitrate radicle (N0 3 ) None. 

Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 39. 00 

Bicarbonate radicle (HC0 3 ) 150. 00 

Silica (Si0 2 ) 18. 00 

Organic matter 44. 00 



459. 87 



Parts per million. 

Total solids at 105° 680 

Total solids ignited, dull redness. 610 

Loss on ignition 70 

Albuminoid ammonia (NH 3 ) 062 

Free ammonia (NH 3 ) 006 

Oxygen required 16 

Temporary hardness 230 

Permanent hardness 19 



NUECES COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — At most places throughout Nueces County water 
can be obtained at depths of 30 to 40 feet, but in the southern part of 
the county many of the shallow wells furnish brackish water. There 
are wells in the northern part of the county which range in depth from 
50 to 180 feet. The deepest of these penetrated a water-bearing sand 
which furnishes 60 gallons of water a minute. Throughout the east- 
ern part of the county water is obtained at a depth of 35 to 40 feet, 
but much of it is saline. Along the west side of the county the 
wells 80 feet deep supply only a small amount of water, while those 
which have been bored to a depth of 150 feet afford an abundance, and 
in many of them the water rises to within 70 feet of the surface. 

Artesian wells. — Artesian water is secured throughout the southern 
two-thirds of this county at depths which vary from 490 to 1,240 feet. 
In the amount of flow these wells range from a few gallons to over 600 
gallons a minute. So far no flowing wells have been obtained north 
of the Texas and Mexico Railroad, although borings have been made 
at Alice, Robstown, and Corpus Christi. The northernmost of the 
successful wells in this county are on the Driscoll ranch. A list of the 
artesian wells, giving their depth, flow, and other data, follows. 



a Analysis by H. W. Harper and C. Hartmann, school of chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, April, 
1903. 



v 



10 



UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 



Artesian wells in Nueces County. 

KING'S WELLS. 



Depth. 



Flow per 
minute. 



1. 



Palo Alto No. 1. 
Palo Alto No. 2. 
Santa Gertrudis No. 

Parrita 

Ebanito No. 1 

Ebanito No. 2 

Fitch 

Jenson 

Baltimore 

Canelo : . . . 

Oaso Ancho 

Lower Little Pasture. .. 
Santa Gertrudis No. 2. . 

Coyote 

Chiltipin 

Burro 

Telephone 

Portales ■. 

Guayacan 

Jaboncillos 

Rincon de Los Cabellos. 

Bovida 

Retamosa 

Conchas 

Vivoras 

Visnaga 

Santa Gertrudis No. 3.. 
Santa Gertrudis No. 4.. 

Alazan 

Santa Clara 

Valederas 

Rincon de Tio Pancho. . 

Leoncitas 

Tranquitas 

Little Pasture 

Rediche 

Tranquecitos 

Caldwell 

Indios 

Mota Negra 

Palo Marcado 

Comitas 

Homer 

Alazan No. 2 

Cobeza 

Priesta 

Ebenito 

Leoncitas No. 2 

Herring 

Young 

Taylor 

Johnson 

Reed 

Harper 

Kingsville 

Simms 

McNeil 

Warren 

Huffman 

Jesse 

Weir 

Harvey 

Hoffman 

Alexander 

Penn 

Santa Gertrudis No. 5. . 



T. Herring. 

do 

....do 

....do 



....do 

....do • 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

:...do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

King Machinery Co. 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

A. W. Ferguson 

....do 

..„do 

....do 

Tom Leary 

....do 

....do 

....do 

do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

do.. 

do 

do 

A. B. Fuller 

King Machinery Co. 

do 

do 

do 

do. 

T. Herring. 

J. P. Morris 

T. Herring. 

J. P. Morris 

T. Herring 

R. J. Mills... 

R. Robertson 

W. J. House 

T. Herring 

A. B. Fuller 

T. Herring. 

J. P. Morris 

W. J. House 

T. Herring 

do 

do 

W. J. House 

King Machinery Co. 



Feet. 
552 
704 
535 
470 
456 
475 
396 
402 
474 
495 
590 
545 
550 

.795 
840 
928 
874 

1,085 
905 
948 
764 
720 
447 
427 
989 
913 
565 
560 
423 
525 
591 
615 
570 
655 
574 
680 
640 
540 
480 
550 
700 
578 
506 
465 
410 
635 
397 

1,050 
805 
630 
620 
626 
616 
625 
609 
600 
610 
628 
630 
640 

(a) 
632 
626 



Gallons. 

20 

20 

125 

350 

250 

100 

100 

225 

110 

250 

40 

50 

75 

30 

25 

300 

75 

100 

100 

60 

400 

300 

30 

30 

10 

40 

160 

100 

40 

400 

400 

400 

250 

50 

00 

200 

150 

150 

100 

25 

5 

300 

50 

90 

60 

100 

25 

75 

20 

50 

40 

40 

70 

100 

75 

34 

75 

110 

66 



650 

5X0 



a In progress. 



NUECES COUNTY. 



11 



Artesian wells in Nueces County — Continued. 

SEELIGSON'S WELLS. 



Name. 


Driller. 


Depth. 


Flow per 
minute. 






Feet. 
464 
633 
630 
475 


Gallons. 
50 


Balli 


do 


65 




do 


8 




do 


75 









ANNA COLLINS'S WELLS. 





White Bros 


625 
825 
918 
790 


50 




do. 


9 




do 


150 




do : 


50 









ROBERT DRISCOLL'S WELLS. 



Palito Blanco. 

Quates 

Dunn ranch... 

Do 

Do 



Chas. P. Fox.. 

do 

Leary & Gano. 
Thos. Fowler.. 
do 



612 
653 
525 



150 
100 
25 
60 
100 



ANDRES CANALES'S WELLS. 


La Cabra F. Rosales 

Ranchito ! do 

i 


440 
458 


80 
SO 


CHARLES WEIL'S WELL. 






558 


35 








RAGLAND & HERRING'S WELLS. 




T. Herring 

W. C. Downing 




470 
499 


100 


Do 


60 








TEXAS LAND AND CATTLE COMPANY'S LAURELES 


RANCH A 


VELLS. 





Shipping Pasture. 

San Vicente 

Santa Cruz 

Mujeres 

Rincon La Salle. . 
Garcia 

Rincon La Salle. . 

Headquarters 

Rincon La Salle. . 



O. S. Caldwell. 

do 

do 

J. McAlester. .. 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 



1,130 


926 


1,068 


1,020 


1,240 


1,150 


1,185 


998 


1,295 



40 
30 
160 
120 
240 
25 
60 



12 



UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 



Record of Galveston well, Seeligson ranch, about 30 miles south of Alice, Nueces County 

Feet. 

Light-colored clay 0- 19 

Soft sandstone 19- 39 

Very hard, white flinty rock 39- 119 

Pink to yellowish clay 119- 199 

Reddish clay mixed with bowlders 199- 359 

Coarse gray sand 359- 404 

Sand and clay 404- 437 

Sand and coarse gravel 437- 453 

Sand and clay 453- 549 

Sand and gravel 549- 569 

Rock and sand in alternate layers 569- 589 

Sand mixed with small pebbles 589- 610 

Fine-grained gray sand (water bearing, 10 gallons per minute) 610- 631 

White calcareous clay 631- 686"- 

Hard clay containing bowlders 686- 736 

Gray sandstone 736- 756 

Blue clay ■ 756- 776 

Blue clay with yellow spots 776- 816 

Blue clay, fine grained 816- 856 

White clay with yellow spots (not water bearing) 856-1, 001 



Analysis of water from Santa Clara well, on King's ranch, Nueces County. a 



Parts per million. 

Ammonium (NH) 01 

Potassium (K) 11. 00 

Sodium (Na) 130.00 

Magnesium (Mg) 16. 00 

Calcium (Ca) 35. 00 

Iron (Fe) 2.00 

Chlorine (CI) 140. 00 

Nitrate radicle (N0 3 ) 05 

Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 140. 00 

Bicarbonate radicle (HCO s ) 140. 00 

Silica (Si0 2 ) 24.00 

Organic matter 40. 00 



678. 06 



Parts per milliom. 

Total solids at 105° 680 

Total solids ignited, dull redness. 600 

Loss on ignition. . . ; 80 

Albuminoid ammonia (NH 3 ) . 014 

Free ammonia (NH 3 ) None. 

Nitrates 05 

Nitrites None. 

Oxygen required 13 

Temporary hardness 260 

Permanent hardness None. 



a Analysis liy H. W. Harper and E. Anderson, school of chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, 
April, 1903. 



SAN PATRICIO AND REFUGIO COUNTIES. 



13 



Analysis of water from Balli well, Seeligson ranch, Nueces County. a 



Parts per million. 

Ammonium (NH 4 ) 0. OS 

Potassium (K) 8. 30 

Sodium (Na) 270. 00 

Magnesium (Mg) .90 

Calcium (Ca) 1 69. 00 

Iron (Fe) 2.00 

Chlorine (CI) 250. 00 

Nitrate radicle (N0 3 ) .01 

Sufphate radicle (S0 4 ) 250. 00 

Bicarbonate radicle (HC0 3 ) . . . 180. 00 

Silica (Si0 2 ) 33. 00 

Organic matter 78. 00 



1, 141. 29 



Parts per million. 

Total solids at 105° 1, 080 

Total solids ignited, dull red- 
ness 930 

Loss on ignition 150 

Albuminoid ammonia (NH 3 ).. .06 

Free ammonia (NH 3 ) . 014 

Nitrates .006 

Temporary hardness 210 

Permanent hardness 63 



SAN PATRICIO COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — In San Patricio County the shallow wells vary in 
depth from 20 to 130 feet, and they usually furnish a large supply of 
water. 

Artesian wells. — Only a few artesian wells have been bored in this 
county. A partial list of these is given below: 

Artesian wells in San Patricio County. 



Owner. 


Depth. 


Flow per 
minute. 


Diameter. 




Feet. 
983 
365 
290 


Gallons. 
60 


Inches. 






S. G . Miller 


Flows. 









REFUGIO COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — The depth of shallow wells in Refugio County varies 
from 10 to 60 feet, and they generally furnish a sufficient amount of 
water for ordinary domestic purposes. 

Artesian wells. — Information has been obtained of five artesian 
wells located on O'Connor's ranch. The depth, flow, and approxi- 
mate location of these wells are given in the following table : 

a Analysis by II. W. Harper and Barney Brooks, school of chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, 
April, 1903. 

irr 190—07 2 



14 



UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 



Artesian tvells in Refugio County. 



Owner. 


Depth. 


Flow per 
minute. 


Distance and direction from 
Anaqua. 




Feet. 
946 
826 
1,204 

972 
1,000 


Gallons. 
60 

175 
175 

150 
40 




Do 




Do 

Do.- 

Do 


11.5 miles south, 25 miles 

west. 
13 miles south, 5 miles east. 







ARANSAS COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — In Aransas County, which borders the coast, water 
is obtained at depths varying from 25 to 80 feet. 

Artesian wells .^-There are at present no artesian wells in this county, 
and as far as can be ascertained no prospecting has been done. 

CALHOUN COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — The average depth of shallow wells throughout 
Calhoun County is 30 feet, and in most cases an abundant supply is 
obtained. 

Artesian wells. — There are 21 artesian wells in Calhoun County, 
mainly on the ranch of T. M. O'Connor. Their approximate location, 
together with other data, is given in the following table: 

Artesian wells in Calhoun County. 



Owner. 



C. A. Mitchell o 

J. E. Shuttb 

II. C. Clark 

Do 

Do 

Thomas estate '. 

Do 

Do 

J. B. Watkins 

T. M. O'Connor: 

Oil 

Boggy 

Old pens 

Johnny Woods . . 

Double dams.. . . 

Cein Poild . . . 

Eclipse No. 1 

Queen 

Branding pen. . . 

Perry Bend 

Eclipse No. 2 

Tule Pond 

Eclipse No. 3 

Bayshore Dandy 

Eagle Nest 

Alligator 

Dugan dam 

Salt fiat 

Middle Dandy. . . 

Fence line 

25-foot Dandy... 



Depth. 



Feet. 
380 
802 
496 
330 
360 
441 
442 
500 
366 

780 
572 
570 
600 
540 
490 
480 
482 
460 
480 
316 
315 
320 
390 
460 
1,484 
380 
275 
420 
480 
480 



Flow per 
minute. 



Gallons. 

Weak. 

63 

12 



Distance and direction 
from Point Lavaca. 



4 miles northeast. 

8 miles southeast. 

8 miles south. 

Do. 

4 miles south. 

5 miles south. 

7 miles southwest. 

9 miles south. 



14 miles 
16 miles 
14 miles 

12 miles 
Do. 

14 miles 
Do. 

15 miles 

13 miles 

11 miles 

12 miles 

10 miles 

11 miles 

15 miles 
Do. 

16 miles 

17 miles 

18 miles 
15 miles 

14 miles 

Do. 



southeast, 
southeast, 
southeast, 
southeast. 

southeast. 

southeast. 

southeast. 

southeast, 

southeast 

south. 

south. 

south. 

south, 
south, 
south, 
south, 
south. 



a Diameter H inches 



b Diameter 2 inches. 



CALHOUN AND VICTORIA COUNTIES. 15 

Record of well at Alligator Head, Calhoun County. a 

Feet. 

Surface soil 0- 3 

Fine white quicksand 3- 21 

White clay 21- 43 

Greenish clay containing shells 43- 80 

Gray sand 80- 83 

Hard yellowish clay 83- 160 

Coarse sand containing shells 160- 166 

Hard clay containing shells . 166- 210 

Sand 210- 225 

Hard clay containing oyster shells. 225- 320 

Sand containing oyster shells 320- 365 

Blue clay containing a few shells 365- 452 

Coarse gray sand 452- 476 

Conglomerate 476- 551 

Gray sand 551- 567 

Conglomerate with layers of blue clay 567- 694 

Gray sand, traces of oil 694- 704 

Hard rock 704- 707 

Light sand, traces of oil 707- 710 

Blue clay 710- 713 

Hard rock with soft layers , - 713- 725 

Gray sand containing fragments of shells 725- 767 

"Shell concrete" 767- 887 

Sand, water and oil bearing 887- 912 

Conglomerate 912- 916 

Gray sand 916- 942 

Blue clay containing bowlders and shells 942-1, 008 

Light-colored clay and fine gray sand in alternate layers 1, 008-1, 022 

Blue clay 1, 022-1, 039 

Rock 1, 039-1, 042 

Blue clay containing bowlders and shells 1, 042-1, 051 

White sand, traces of oil : 1, 051-1, 052 

Blue clay with hard layers 1, 052-1, 056 

Light-colored clay with hard layers 1, 056-1, 087 

White sand', water bearing 1, 087-1, 097 

Red and blue clay 1, 097-1, 230 

Light-colored clay iron stained 1, 230-1, 462 

Variegated clay 1, 462-1, 484 

VICTORIA COtnSTTV. 

Shallow wells. — Shallow wells are obtained in Victoria County at 

depths varying from 30 feet in the southern part to 80 feet in the 
northern and western parts. 

Artesian wells. — Information has been received of 17 artesian wells 

in this county. The majority of these wells are on the Keeran ranch 
in the watershed of Garcitas and Aranosa creeks. The following is a 
list giving their depth, flow, diameter, and approximate location: 



a Furnished by J. D. Mitchell, Victoria, Tex. 



16 



UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 



Artesian wells in 


Victoria County 






Owner. 


Depth. 


Flow per 
minute. 


Diame- 
ter. 


Location. 




Feet. 

1,045 
180 
200 
148 
705 
130 
77 
50 
222 
110 
140 
425 
180 
716 

592 

152 
226 


Gallons. 
80 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
10 

10 
$ 


Inches. 

2 
3 
2 








Do 


Do. 


Do . 


Do. 


Do 


Do. 


Do 


Do. 


Do 


Do. 


Do 


Do. 


Do 


Do. 


Do 


Do. 


Do 


Do. 


Do 


Do. 


Do 


Do. 




Kemper, 1.5 miles 
south. 


Do 




south. 
Kemper, 7milesnortn. 


Jno. T. Rusk 







JACKSON COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Water is obtained in the eastern part of Jackson 
County at depths varying from 25 to 40 feet; in the southern and 
western parts from 40 to 60 feet; and in the northern part from 25 to 
45 feet. 

Artesian wells. — Artesian water has been found in this county south 
of the New York, Texas, and Mexican Railway, and it is believed by 
local observers that artesian water can be obtained almost anywhere 
in the northern part of the county. The following table gives a list 
of the wells, with their depth, flow, and approximate location. 

Artesian wells in Jackson County. 



Owner. 


Depth. 


Flow per 
minute. 


Location. 


C. Branch 


Feet. 
223 

365 
360 

402 

398 

785 
325 
324 
362 

330 

338 

348 

366 

401 

893 
777 
540 
360 
152 
560 
240 
480 
355 
450 


Gallons. 

7 

5 
42 

4 

2 

6 


Edna, 10 miles south- 


Do 


east. 
Do. 






S. Mitchell 


east. 




east. 


W. Westhoff 


east. 


Buhler 




L. Ward 








150 
60 

100 
40 

100 
50 




R. E. Ward 


east. 


Do 


east. 


Do 


south. 


Do 


southeast. 


Do 


east. 




southwest. 


Do 






Do 






Bennett & West 






Do 






Do 




Do... 






Do 






Do 






Do 













JACKSON COUNTY. 17 

A well owned by S. H. Beasley, drilled in 1903 close to the west 
bank of Navidad River, about 1 mile north of the crossing of the 
New York, Texas and Mexican Railway, has the following record: 

Record of Beasley well in central Jackson County. 

Feet. 

Sandy soil - \ 

■ Red clay \- 16 

Red sand 16 - 30 

Red clay 30 - 46 

Rock 46 - 47 

Sand 47 - 55 

Rock 55 - 56 

Sand and red clay in alternate layers 56 -120 

Sand 120 -140 

Rock 140 -141 

Sand 141 -223 

Red clay and sand 223 -249 

Rock 249 -258$ 

Clay and rock 258J-268J 

Red clay 268^270$ 

Sand 270i-285J 

Rock 285J-286 

Red clay 286 -287 

Sand 287 -289 

Rock 289 -290 

Sand 290 -311 

Rock 311 -335J 

White clay 335J-339 

Sand 339 -361 

Rock 361 -387 J 

Sand 387|-408J 

Rock 408|-411 

Sand 411 -414 

Rock .' 414 -424 

Sand : , 424 -465 

Rock! 465 -469 

Sand 469 -479 

Rock 479 -481 

Sand 481 -498 

Rock 498 -510 

Sand 510 -521 

Rock 521 -525 

Sand 525 -545 

Red clay '. . 545 -548 

Sand 548 -558 

Red clay 558 -566 

Sand 566 -586 

Rock 586 -596 

Sand 596 -640 

Blue clay 640 -650 

Sand and clay in alternate layers 650 -665 

Rock 665 -669 

Sand 669 -675 



18 



UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 



Feet. 

Rock 675- 676 

Sand and clay in alternate layers 676- 695 

Rock 695- 698 

Sand • 698- 771 

Blue clay •. I 771- 777 

Red sand 777- 799 

Red clay 799- 852 

Red and blue clay 852- 910 

Red clay 910- 950 

White clay 950- 995 

Blue clay 995-1, 000 

000-1, 007 
007-1, 009 
009-1, 022 
022-1, 038 
038-1, 060 
060-1, 107 
107-1, 112 
112-1, 140 
140-1, 144 
144-1, 155 
155-1, 156 
156-1, 200 
200-1, 238 
238-1, 245 
245-1, 270 
270-1, 330 
330-1, 370 



Sand 

Red clay 

Water-bearing sand. 

White clay 

Sand 

Clay.. s 

Soft mud 

Red clay 

Rock 

Clay 

Rock 

Red clay 

Soft mud 

Rock 

Soft mud 

Clay 



Sand, fine water bearer 1 



An artesian well owned by Russell Ward, 25 miles from Edna, in 
the southeast corner of Jackson County, has the following record: 



Record of Ward artesian well in southeastern Jackson County. 



Surface soil. 
Red 



clay. 



Feet. 

0- 10 

10-20 

" Oyster shells " 20- 25 

Red clay 25-110 

Fine sand, water bearing 110-130 

Blue clay 130-155 

Thin layer of rock 

Blue clay 155-225 

Soft black mud 225-230 

"Water sand " and gravel 230-260 

Red and white clay '. 260-290 

Layer of thin rock 

Red and white clay 290-330 

Sand and gravel, artesian water bearing 330-365 



DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 



19 



MATAGORDA COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — In Matagorda County shallow wells are from 15 to 
30 feet deep. 

Artesian wells. — Artesian water lias been secured at many places, 
especially in the southern part of the county. Data respecting these 
wells are given in the following table: 

Artesian ivells in Matagorda County. 



Owner. 



J. E. Pierce. 
Do 



Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

A. B. Pierce 

J. E. Pierce 

A. B. Mayes Oil Co 6 870 

C. C Duson 

J. L. Jordan 

Morre-Cortes 

Tackett & Co 

Ward Cattle Co 

L. Ward 

Platner & Stoddard 



J. T. Sargent. 



Cane Belt Railroad 

Southern Pacific Railroad. 

J. L. Ladd 

Palacios (town) 

Palacios College 

A. H. Pierce 

Palacios 

Cobell & Hughes 







Flow. 


Depth. 


Diam- 
eter. 






Per min- 


Above 






ute. , 


surface. 


Feet. 


Inches. 


Gallons. 


Feet. 


356 


4 


50 


8 


a 380 


4 


15 


4 


280 


4 


10 


2 


280 


4 


10 


2 


350 


4 


50 


8 


336 


4 


15 


3 


350 


4 


CO 


16 


465 


4 


60 


15 


485 


4 


50 


10 


6 870 


4 


20 


10 


326 


6 


30 


.5 


530 


4 


75 


8 


125 


3 


5 


2 


460 


6 


100 


20 


350 


4 


75 


20 


326 


4 


25 


2 


440 


2 


10 


4 


"81 


4 


7 


2 


400 


6 


150 


4 


320 


6 


40 


4 


444 


2 


15 


1.2 


572 


4 


60 


4 


620 


4 


75 


6 


1,500 

800 

1,100 




ooo 











Location. 



Bay City, 25 miles south- 
west. 

Bay City, 22 miles south- 
west. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

Blessing. 

Blessing, 3 miles south. 

Palacios, 4 miles northeast. 

Palacios, 10 miles south. 

Matagorda, 5 miles north- 
east. 

Midfleld. 

Blessing, li miles west. 

Markham, ~1 mile south. 

Palacios, 1 mile northwest. 

Palacios, 5 miles northwest 

Midfield, 4 miles southwest. 

Wadsworth, 1.5 miles south- 
east. 

Hawkinsville, 6 miles south- 
east. 

Bay City. 

Palacios. 

Bay City. 

Palacios. 
Do. 

Bay City, 9 miles north. 

Palacios. 

Ashby. 



i Sulphur water at 280 feet; bored 100 feet farther and good water obtained. 
b Bored for oil; flows warm sulphur water, which is slightly saline. 

cJohn T. Sargent has about 12 deep wells on his ranch. They average about SO feet in depth and 
the water rises within 2 feet of the surface. 

WHARTON COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — In Wharton County west of Colorado River water 
can be obtained from wells varying in depth from 15 to 30 feet. In 
the vicinity of El Campo many rice farms are supplied with water 
from shallow wells. Here the water-bearing sand lies about 15 feet 
below the surface. A pit 4 to 6 feet in diameter is dug to the water- 
bearing sand and in the bottom of this excavation three or four wells 
are drilled. These wells are all cased, and to the top of the casing 
centrifugal pumps, operated by engines on the surface, are attached. 
In this way a large supply of water is brought to the surface and used 
extensively in the irrigation of rice. The most successful shallow- 
well irrigation plants in Texas are in the vicinity of El Campo. 

Artesian wells.^On account of the shallow depth at which ground 
water can be secured, few attempts have been made to obtain artesian 
water. The only artesian well in the county of which a record has 
been kept is known as the Borden well and was drilled in 1S92. It 



20 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 

is located near Pierce and has a depth of 1,509 feet. A complete 
record of the beds penetrated is given below: 

Record of A. P. Borden well, Pierce station, Wharton County. 

Feet, 

Clay and sand 0- 30 

Ked sand ., 30- 35 

Quicksand 35- 43 

Blue clay 43- 53 

Indurated sand 53- 70 

Yellow clay and sand 70- 100 

Coarse sand 100- 106 

Red clay 106- 127 

Clay and sand 127- 191 

Coarse sand. 191- 214 

Fine sand 214- 250 

Red clay 250- 254 

Fine sand 254- 270 

Yellow clay 270- 280 

Sand and clay 280- 300 

Fine white sand 300- 373 

Indurated sand, very hard 373- 383 

Yellow sand 383- 385 

Indurated sand, very hard 385- 410 

Yellow sand mixed with thin layers of clay 410- 460 

Sand, clay, and gravel 460- 476 

Indurated sand, very hard 476- 485 

Indurated sand, soft and hard layers alternating 485- 529 

Indurated sand, very hard 529- 549 

Red and white clay 549- 582 

Fine white sand 582- 590 

Indurated sand with soft layers 590- 612 

Hard clay 612- 650 

Very hard sandstone 650- 687 

Limestone, very hard .- 687- 693 

Very coarse sand 693- 696 

Limestone, very hard 696- 700 

White clay 700- 730 

Very hard white clay 730- 745 

Soft mottled clay 745- 786 

Red mottled clay 786- 818 

Red sand 818- 838 

Quicksand 838- 850 

Red clay 850- 890 

Gray sand 890- 920 

Very hard white clay I 920- 938 

Gray sand 938- 970 

Indurated sand 970- 976 

Fine gray sand 976- 996 

Hard clay 996-1, 000 

Hard gray sand 1, 000-1, 010 

White clay 1, 010-1, 015 

White sand 1, 015-1, 039 

White clay 1, 039-1, 050 

Very hard white clay... : 1, 050-1, 053 



BRAZORIA COUNTY. 



21 



Feet. 

Rock 1, 053-1, 065 

Very hard white clay 1, 065-1, 076 

Sandstone and hard blue clay 1, 076-1, 128 

Water-bearing sand, gray 1, 128-1, 150 

White clay 1, 150-1, 205 

Red clay 1, 205-1, 359 

Fine red sand 1, 359-1, 366 

Red clay 1, 366-1, 450 

White clay 1, 450-1, 470 

White clay with sand 1, 470-1, 509 

In the southern part of Wharton County, near the Matagorda 
County line, there are two small artesian wells owned by the Texas 
Land and Cattle Company. These are 2-inch wells, 315 and 513 feet 
deep, respectively, the former having a flow of 1 gallon and the latter 
8 gallons a minute. 

BRAZORIA COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Water is obtained from shallow wells throughout 
Brazoria County at depths which vary from 15 to 30 feet. 

Artesian wells. — Flowing wells are widely distributed throughout 
the county, on both the east and west sides of Brazos River. They 
vary considerably in depth, some being over 1,000 feet, and in the 
amount of flow they range from a few gallons to over 700 gallons a 
minute. The water is generally of good quality, but from a few wells 
saline flows have been reported. 

Artesian wells in Brazoria County. 



Owner. 


Depth. 


Flow per 
minute. 


Diame- 
ter. 


Location. 




Feet. 
1.060 

640 
1,000 

600 
1,020 

450 


Gallons. 
720 
60 
180 
90 
200 
Slight. 
....do... 


Inches. 
8 
4 
4 
4 
4i 
2 
2 
10 

10 
10 
10 




















S. H. Hudgins 




Do 




J. S. Hogg 


250 

500 

700 

504 

365 

950 

800 

1,030 

1,040 

1,050 

1,100 

600 

1,000 

1,000 

911 

785 

603 

772 

704 

1,200 

650 

700 

760 

300 
300 
600 


100 

100 
Slight. 




Do 


west. 
Do. 


Do 


Do. 






Do 




Do. 


Do 






Do. 


Do 






Do. 


Do 






Do. 


Do 






Do. 


Do 






Do. 






4 
8 




J. P. Bryan 


90 




Oil well 




Do 






Do. 


H. L. Skeets 


Slight. 

....do... 

Strong. 


6 

3£ 

6 

12 




R. Willis 


Do. 






E. B. Thomas 




W. H. Bush 




E. M. Miller 










Strong. 






Santa Fe R. R 














J. S. Daugherty 

Do 






west. 








Guffey 


Strong. 











22 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 

Record of Arnold well No. 3, Columbia, Brazoria County. 

Feet. 

Surface soil, clay, and sand - 85 

Rock : 85-85J 

Sand 85 J- 88 

Bock 88-89J 

Oil sand 893,-118 

Clay 118 -150 

Rock 150 -158 

Blue clay 158 -192 

Soft rock 192 -196 

Sand 196 -210 

Soft rock . , 210 -212 

Blue clay '. , 212 -218 

Soft rock 218 -219 

Blue clay 219 -260 

Soft lime rock 260 -261 

Blue clay, very tough 261 -275 

Rock (hard layer at 294 feet contains some gas) 275 -299 

Hard rock , 299 -315 

Crystallized sand " 315 -328 

Blue clay 328 -333 

Rock .'....' 333 -338 

Sand 338 -343 

Blue clay 343 -346 

Compact sand 346 -354 

Clay 354 -368 

Rock 368 -370 

Clay ■. 370 -395 

Soft rock .' 395 -397 

Blue clay 397 -405 

Rock 405 -406 

Blue clay 406 -428 

Crystallized sand 428 -462 

Blue clay, very hard and oil saturated 462 -484 

Soft rock 484 -486 

Blue clay 486 -510 

Sand, very compact 510 -532 

Rock, full of pyrites and shell 532 -534 

Sand, very compact 534 -574 

Hard rock, conglomerate, pyrites, and lime; rock sulphur and 

shell 574 -582 

Hard blue clay 582 -620 

Rock, pyrites, sulphur, lime, volcanic crystals, and oil satura- 
tions 620 -628 

Blue clay 628 -632 

Rock with sand 632 -651 

Sand 651 -657 

Rock 657 -675 

Hard rock 675 -676 

Sand 676 -678 

Very hard rock 678 -680 

Sand, color of oil , , 680 -681 

Rock, very hard 681 -682 

Sand 682 -691 



BRAZOEIA COUNTY. 23 

Feet. 

Blue clay 691 - 719 

Sand 719- 723 

Blue clay - 723 - 729 

Oilsand 729 - 734 

Blue clay • 734 - 800 

Sand 800 - 835 

Shell with some little showing of oil 835 - 857 

Blue clay, very thin strata full of shell 857 - 858 

Sand 858 - 870 

Blue clay 870 - 906 

Crystallized sand 906 - 926 

Hock 926 - 936 

Blue clay 936 - 943 

' Sand 943- 970 

Soft sandstone 970 - 971 

Hard sandstone 971 - 973 

Clay 973 - 989 

Sand 989 -1, 002 

Hard rock '.'..' 1, 002 -1, 004 

Sand, fairly firm, contains fossil wood 1, 004 -1, 012 

Hard clay 1, 012 -1, 050 

Sand with a little gas 1, 050 -1, 110 

Blue clay 1, 110 -1, 115 

Sand 1, 115 -1, 136 

Soft rock, or compact sand 1, 136 -1, 214 

Clay, blue with a greenish cast. 

Record of well on lot 234, Hoskins Mound {midway between Velasco and Alvin), Brazoria 

County. 

Feet. 

Black surface clay 0- 4 

Pale blue clay ." 4 - 12 

Red clay 12 - 25 

Yellow loamy sand , rather fine 25 - 45 

Blue gumbo 45 - 85 

Blue quicksand 85 -130 

Blue clay filled with small white shells 130 -152 

Blue quicksand 152 -172 

Blue gumbo, very tough 172 -233 

Blue sand, fine grained, with black specks; first indication of oil. 233 -239 

Sand with come clay 239 -378 

Blue sand, coarse, with black specks; some oil near bottom 378 -423 

Blue clay with some small shells 423 -465 

Coarse blue sand with black specks 465 -500 

Blue sand with some brown layers, contains iron pyrite and 

some small shells 500 -530 

•Soft blue clay with small shells 530 -535 

Blue clay with larger shells 535 -555 

Blue clay with few shells 555 -580 

Blue gumbo, very tough ; shells 580 -595 

Tough blue clay with few shells 595 -628 

Blue sand with gravel and some shells 628 -632| 

Blue sand with coarse black particles 632^-642$ 

Blue clay with large shells 642^-654 

Blue clay with shell fragments 654 -674 



24 



UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 



Feet. 

Blue sand, gravel with black particles; considerable gas 674 -684 

Blue sand with many black particles; good show of oil from 

688 to 692 feet 684 -692 

Bluish sand, coarse; shows oil saturation 692 -711 

Tough blue clay containing shells : 711 -720 

Tough blue gumbo containing bowlders 720 -722 

Blue clay and sand; show of oil 722 -728 

Blue clay with thin layers of sandstone 728 -735 

Tough blue gumbo 735 -755 

Blue gumbo with thin layers of sandstone and limestone . . 755 -778 

Blue sand with iron pyrites; some show of oil at 778 feet 778 -783 

Tough blue gumbo with thin layers of sandstone and limestone; 

considerable iron pyrites 783 -786 

Blue gumbo with shells 786 -793 

Sand with iron pyrites; ' ' oil show " 793 -794 

Tough blue gumbo 794 -799 

Very hard blue clay with rock 2 to 6 feet thick, mostly limestone. 799 -825 

FORT BEND COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Water in sufficient quantity for ordinary domestic 
purposes is obtained throughout Fort Bend County at depths of 
15 to 40 feet. 

Deep wells. — A few deep pump wells have been sunk. Two on the 
Cunningham farm near Sugar Land are 1,000 feet deep. The town 
of Richmond derives its water supply from a pump well 400 feet 
deep. The following is a list of some of the deeper wells in this 

region. 

Deep wells in Fort Bend County. 



Owner. 


Depth. 


Capacity. 


Location. 


T W. House 


Feet. 

925 
1,000 

400 
1,000 
1,000 


Gallons. 
00 
60 




Do 














Do 




Do. 











HARRIS COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Good shallow wells have been bored in Harris 
County, at Clodine, Erin, Katy, and Deepwater, and it is believed 
that wells of this character may be obtained throughout the county. 
In the vicinity of Clodine, on the rice farms of the Meadow Brook 
Company, the wells are generally 150 feet deep and 10 inches in 
diameter, the water rising within 15 to 20 feet of the surface. Wells 
on the J. H. O'Donnell farm, at Erin, are less than 100 feet deep 
and penetrate 46 feet of water-bearing sand. At Katy the two wells 
of J. E. Cabaniss are 93 and 94 feet deep. 

Artesian wells. — There are about 140 artesian wells in Harris 
County, 80 of these being at Houston, where the artesian water 
resources have been better developed than in any other part of the 



HARRIS COUNTY. 



25 



State. The city water supply of Houston is derived from 60 artesian 
wells which have been drilled in an area of 14 acres lying on either 
side of Buffalo Bayou. The general distribution of these and other 
artesian wells in Harris County is shown in PI. II (p. 2), and the fol- 
lowing tables contain all available information concerning them : 

Artesian wells in Harris County. 



Owner. 


Depth. 


Flow per 
minute. 


Diame- 
ter. 


Location. 


A. L. Smith 


Feet. 
570 
520 
670 
475 
615 
470 
500 
450 
650 
600 
90 
250 
250 
700 
300 
660 
640 

670 
660 
440-500 
440 
380 
450 
450 


Gallons. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 

Flows. 
Flows. 

70 

Flows. 

Flows. 

350 

170 

Flows. 

Flows. 
Flows. 

Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 
100 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 
35 
209 
104 
249 
250 
490 

Flows. 
40 
125 
75 
95 
45 
175 


Inches. 




H. D. T. Wilson 




























Do. 




















City 




Do. 


H. Bohen 












Do 






Col. Burnett 


3 








H. D. Allen... 




J. G. Todd 






AlfPalm 


3 


east. 


Citv 






3 
6 
4 




Clark & Co 


Do. 










Do 




Do. 


Tud Allen 




N. A. Baker 


440 

217 

330 
340 
340 
340 
330 

330 

300 

300 
344 
324 
330 
290 
310 
180 
210 
659 
500 
450 

65 
400 
240 
280 

88 
180 
500 
150 
300 
200 
500 
500 
500 
800 
180 
242 
339 
800 
570 
830 


Do. 














Do 






Do 






Do 






Do 




Deepwater, 1 mile south- 
east. 

Deepwater, 1 mile north- 
east. 

Deepwater, 2 miles north- 
west. 
Do. 


Col. Hill 




Wright 








P. H. West 






A. G. Howell 


Do. 






Do. 








H. E. Halladay 




Do. 






Do. 


I. L. Pitts 




Do. 


Chas. D. Allen 












G. Dogg 






F. E. Marklcy 












C. W. Hahl 




Do 




B. F. Smith 






Fort Smith 




H. F. V. Blender 












Do 




Do. 


Do 




Do. 


Do 




Do. 


Do 




Do. 


Do 




Do. 


Do 




Do. 






Do. 


do : 




Do. 


Do 




Do. 


Do 




Do. 


Do 




Do. 


Do 




Do. 









26 



UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 



Artesian wells of waterworks at Houston, Harris County. 



No. 


Depth. 


Diam- 
eter. 


No. 


Depth. 


Diam- 
eter. 


No. 


Depth. 


Diam- 
eter. 


1 


Feet. 
140 
140 
80 
140 
140 
140 
140 
154 
312 
328 
130 
328 

' 292 
292 
460 
460 
564 
115 
493 


Inches. 
15 
6 
6 

15 
15 
15 
15 
6 
S 
6 
6 
4 
8 
8 
8 
6 
8 
6 
8 


20 


Feet. 
183£ 
314 
703 
692 
192 
204 
802 

1,170 
814 
502 

1,165 
317 
319 
823 

1,185 

1,171 
292 
314 

1,173 


Inches. 
4 
8 
8 
8 
6 
6 
8 
8 
8 
10 
12 
8 
12 
10 
9 
12 
8 
12 
12 


38 

39 


Feet. 

325 

684 

211 

319 

720 

806 

496 

800 

1,185 

2,018 

1,214 

1,305 

1,280 

936 

936 

501 

828 

635 


Inches. 
10 


9 


21 

22 


12 


3 


40 

41 

42 

43 

44 

45 


8 


4 

5 


23 

24 :. 


8 
7 


6 


25 


8 


7 


26 


8 


8 


27. 


8 


9 


28 

29 

30 


46 

47 

48 


12 


10 




11 


8 


12 


31 

32 

33 


49 

50 

51 

52 


8 


13 

14 


8 
8 


15 


34 


8 


16 


35 

36 

36 

37 


53 


8 


17 


54 


8 


18 


55 


8 


19... 











Record of well No. 28, Houston, Harris County. 

Feet. 

Surface soil.. 0-30 

Clay 30- 44 

Sand and rock 44- 74 

Clay .... 74- 89 

Sand and gravel 89- 93 

White clay 93-137 

Sand 137-210 

Clay and gravel 210-290 

White sand and gravel, water bearing; hard to finish. 290-316 

Clay and gravel 316-356 

Red sand 356-393 

Clay and gravel 393-456 

White clay and gravel 456-496 

Sand, clay, and gravel 496-514 

Sand 514-526 

Gravel 526-532 

Clay - 532-570 

Limestone 570-571 

Sand and gravel 571-585 

Clay '...- 585-600 

Hard rock 600-602 

Clay 602-608 

Sand 608-618 

Clay 618-658 

Clay and gravel 658-668 

Sand 668-678 

Clay and sand 678-687 

Sand 687-705 

Clay and gravel 705-745 

Sand 745-756 

White clay 756-772 

Water-bearing sand 772-814 



HAERIS AND GALVESTON COUNTIES. 27 

Record of deep well at Houston, Harris County. 

Feet. 

Clay and sand - 154 

Sand, water bearing 154 - 161 

Clay 161 - 163 

Sand 163 - 210 

Clay 210 - 280 

Sand 280 - 312 

Clay 312 - 345 

Rock 345 - 345^ 

Sand 345^- 350 

Clay 350 - 415 

Sand : • 415 - 420 

Clay 420 - 465 

Sand 465 - 502 

Clay 502 - 540 

Sand 540 - 570 

Clay 570 - G05 

Sand and gravel 605 - 643 

Clay 643 - 670 

Sand and gravel 670 - 702 

Clay 702 - 745 

Sand 745 - 769 

Clay 769 - 779 

Sand 779 - 805 

Clay 805 - 810 

Sand 810 - 835 

Clay 835 - 895 

Sand , 895 - 940 

Clay 940 -1, 134 

Rock 1, 134 -1, 137 

Sand -. 1, 137 -1, 179 

Clay 1, 179 -1, 236 

Sand 1, 236 -1, 314 

Rock 1, 314 -1, 315 

Clay 1, 315 -1, 334 

Sand ? 1, 334 -1, 368 

Clay '. . ," 1, 368 -1, 430 

Sand and gravel 1, 430 -1, 470 

Clay and rock 1, 470 -1, 600 

Rock with gas 1, 600 -1, 605 

Clay 1,605 -1,895 

Sand 1, 895 -1, 907 

Clay 1, 907 -2, 025 

GALVESTON COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — In Galveston County the average depth of shallow 
wells is 25 feet. 

Artesian wells. — The log of the deep well at Galveston, bored about 
1892, clearly indicates that artesian water could be found in the coast 

region at much shallower depths than that reached by this boring. 
The record down to the water-bearing sand is given below. There are 

at present about 90 artesian wells in Galveston County. Their 



28 



UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS OOASTAL PLAIN. 



approximate location is shown in PI. II. The most important group 
of these wells is located 18 miles from Galveston, at Alta Loma, where 
30 wells have been drilled on both sides of the Santa Fe Railway 
track. The original contract for these wells specified that 33 wells 
should be bored and a supply of 5,000,000 gallons every twenty-four 
hours guaranteed. When 30 wells had been sunk, the yield was 
9,000,000 gallons every twenty-four hours, 4,000,000 gallons more 
than the contract amount. The wells are located in a line that trends 
nearly north and south, and there are about an equal number on each 
side of the railroad track. They are provided with pipes that connect 
with mains to a standpipe on the north side of the track. The wells 
are about 868 feet deep, and all receive their water from a bed of 
water-bearing sand 128 feet thick, which rests upon a layer of hard 
clay. This water horizon was encountered in all wells at a depth of 
740 to 750 feet, but some were not bored through the water-bearing 
sand. The following table shows the depths of wells on the south side 
of the railroad : 

Partial list of wells at Alta Loma, Galveston County. 



No. 


Depth. 


Diame- 
ter. 


No. 


Depth. 


Diame- 
ter. 


No. 


Depth. 


Diame- 
ter. 


2 


Feet. 
792 
868 
793 
809 
792 


Inches. 
7 
7 
7 
5 
5 


12 


Feet. 

788 
800 
838 
790 
775 


Inches. 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 


22 


Feet. 
726 
733 

745 


Inches. 
5 


4 


14 


24 

26 


5 


6 


16 


9 


8 


18 


* 




10 


20 









Record of well at Alta Loma, Galvestoyi County. a 

Feet. 

Surface soil ■ 0- 4 

Clay 4-12 

Quicksand 12- 18 

Very red clay 18- 25 

Red quicksand • 25- 35 

' Clay '....■ : . . 35-37 

Quicksand 37- 40 

Red and white clay 40-100 

Sand, water bearing; no flow ] 00-123 

White clay 123-150 

Red clay 150-173 

Very hard red clay 173-190 

Hard and soft clay 190-208 

Soft red clay 208-218 

Hard clay 218-230 

Quicksand 230-385 

Hard and soft white clay 385-435 

Soft white clay 435-478 

White sand and clay 478-488 

Very hard shell rock 488-489 

White water-bearing sand ; first flow 489-494 

a Information furnished by E. H. Stobard. 



GALVESTON COUNTY. 



29 



Feet. 

Hard white clay 494-500 

Soft white clay , 500-514 

Hard and soft white clay 514-560 

Hard white clay 560-590 

Quicksand 590-611 

Hard clay 611-620 

Soft clay 620-631 

Hard and soft clay 631-703 

Sand and clay 703-735 

Hard white clay '. 735-740 

Sand, water bearing 740-868 

Hard red clay 868- 

Artesian wells in Galveston County. 



Owner. 



Depth. 



Flow per 
minute. 



Diame- 
ter. 



Location. 



D. Collogue 

W.H. Crawford 

J. D. Ward 

C.C. Pellit 

F. Fonts 

John Williams 

Sam Saloets 

Charles Engelke 

Mick Weeks 

Joe Lohit 

Do 

Do 

Charles Nolan 

Do 

C. H. Collier 

Nicolini 

R. A. Walker 

A. W. Wilkerson 

Do 

J. C. League 

C. R. Reifel 

Do 

Mrs. L. Cours 

Mrs. R. T. Wheeler 

Do 

A. H. Tacquard 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Jacques Tacquard 

Do 

A. H. Tacquard (home) . . . 
A. H. Tacquard (pasture) . 



Feet. 
640 
675 
700 
620 
600 
750 
550 
700 
675 
640 
640 
640 
600 
650 



Jules Perthius 

Do 

W. F. Reitmeyer 

Do 

J. Jinsen 

J. A. Minot 

David Tahey 

B. F. Fast 

Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe R. R. 

J. H. Kemper 

Alta Loma Co : 



Galveston, Houston and Henderson R. R.. 



W. McClintoc 

Galveston, Houston and Northern R. R. 

J. R. Myers 

Inman Compress Co 

South Galveston Land Co 

Do 

Galveston Brewing Co 



640 
750 
550 
530 
526 
562 
410 
420 
690 
763 
406 
300 
306 
60 



763 
180 
710 
720 

230 
495 
433 
420 
500 
763 
576 
702 
720 
600 
914 



630 
600 
725 
912 
640 
644 
872 



Gallons. 
200 

(a) 



Inches. 



Dickinson. 
8 Dickinson, 



( 6 ) 
(a) 



100 
100 
100 
100 



25 
30 
10 

12 
12 
25 
15 

100 



120 

78 



700 

50 
55 
70 
70 
40 
40 
Flows. 



Dickinson, 
Dickinson, 
Dickinson, 
Dickinson, 
Dickinson, 
Dickinson, 
Dickinson, 
Dickinson. 

Do. 

Do. 
Dickinson, 
Dickinson, 
Dickinson, 



1 mile east. 

2 J miles east. 

2 miles east. 

1 mile south. 

2 miles north. 

| mile northeast. 
1J miles east, 
imile southwest. 



1 mile south. 
2\ miles south. 
i mile south. 



League City. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Hitchcock, h mile east. 
Hitchcock, i mile north. 
Hitchcock, 8 miles west. 
Hitchcock, 7 miles west. 
Hitchcock, 6 miles west. 
Hitchcock, 7 miles west. 
Hitchcock, 8 miles west. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Hitchcock, U miles west. 
Hitchcock, 2 miles south- 
west. 
Hitchcock, 2 miles east. 

Do. 
Hitchcock, H miles west. 

Do. 
Hitchcock, 1 mile east. 
Hitchcock, i mile south. 
Hitchcock, l.| miles east. 
Hitchcock, 2i miles west. 
Hitchcock, 100 yards east. 
Hitchcock, 1 mile east. 
Hitchcock, 4 miles north- 
west. 
Hitchcock, 4 miles east, at 

La Marque. 
Bay View. 
Edgewater. 
Texas City. 

Do. 
Middle of island. 

Do. 



a Water rises 10 feet above surface. 
irr 190—07 3 



b Water rises 8 feet above surface. 



30 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 

Record of deep well at Galveston. 

Pleistocene: Beet. 

Gray to buff sand 0- 46 

Reddish-brown clay containing lenses of sandstone, quartz 

pebbles, nodules of dark-gray clay, and shell fragments 46- 63 

Mottled red and blue clay containing shell fragments and in 

lower part lignitic material 63-100 

Gray sandy clay 100-110 

Fine gray sand with fragments of lignite 110-167 

Buff-colored sandy clay 167-279 

Fine gray sand with fragments of lignite 279-305 

Grayish-brown clay with fragments of lignite 305-315 

Fine sand, gray to buff, with fragments of lignite throughout 

bed and lower 35 feet slightly micaceous 315^440 

•Grayish-brown clay with fragments of lignite, shells, corals, and 

claw of crustacean 440-^158 

Age doubtful: 

Gray sandy clay, slightly micaceous ..." " 458-468 

Brownish-gray sandy clay 468-497 

Fine light-gray clayey sand, micaceous 497-575 

Brownish-gray sandy clay 575-592 

Gray sand, micaceous 592-612 

Brownish sandy clay with shell fragments 612-647 

Light-gray sandy clay 647-674 

Reddish-brown sandy clay with shell fragments 674-706 

Buff -colored sand, slightly micaceous 706-720 

Brownish-gray clayey sand 720-737 

Light-gray clayey sand, the lower 11 feet containing a few shell 

fragments and large pieces of lignite 737-827 

Coarse silver-gray sand, composed of angular fragments of trans- 
lucent and smoky quartz not much water-worn (the water- 
bearing sand from which most of the city's water supply was 

derived previous to the utilization of the Alta Loma wells). . . 827.-882 

This well was drilled to a depth of 3,070 feet, but practically no 
water-bearing sand of importance was found below 882 feet. The 
complete record is published in the Twenty-first Annual Report of the 
U. S. Geological Survey, part 7, pages 402-405. 

CHAMBERS COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Beneath the surface soil in Chambers County there 
is a bed of sand which extends to a depth of 30 feet or more. In its 
lower part this sand contains an abundance of excellent water which 
is the source of supply for all shallow wells in the region. 

Artesian wells. — -There are 17 artesian wells in Chambers County and 
their approximate location is indicated in PI. II. At many places 
artesian water has been obtained 7 but it is salty in many cases, espe- 
cially in wells near the bay. 



CHAMBEKS AND JEFFEKSON COUNTIES. 



31 



Artesian ivells in Chambers County. 



Owner. 



E. W. Barber 

Mat Fisher 

J. C. Fisher (estimate) a . 

Dr. N. Schilling 

Do.... 

Barney Donelly 

Amos Lawrence 

C. R. Cummings Co 

Do 

John Cook 

W. D. Wilcox 

J. T. White a 

D. L. Broussard 

Sol. Brown 

Hugh Jackson 

James Jackson 

Davidson 



Depth. 



Feet. 
800 
550 
500 
700 
700 
375 
500 
400 
400 
380 
850 

1,720 
850 



1.000 
600 



Flow per 
minute. 



Gallons. 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 

Flows. 
35 

Flows. 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 



Location. 



Mount Belvieu. 

Mount Belvieu, 10 miles south. 

Cedar Bayou. 

Do. 

Do. 
Mount Belvieu, 3 miles south. 
Mount Belvieu, 5 miles south. 
Anahuac, 4 miles north. 

Do. 
Wallisville. 
Anahuac, Turtle Bayou. 

Double Bayou. 
Do. 

Double Bayou, 15 miles southeast. 
Double Bayou, 15 miles northeast. 
Near Stowell. 



a Water salty. 



JEFFERSON COUNTY. 



Shallow wells. — The wells of Jefferson County are very shallow, 
ranging from 6 to 15 feet in depth. Many of those 6 feet deep furnish 
an abundance of water. 

Artesian wells. — Information has been obtained of about 31 arte- 
sian wells in this county, but such wells are not generally successful. 
Many of them have feeble flows, making it necessary to employ pumps 
to increase the discharge, while in other cases, where the flows are 
sufficiently large, the water is more or less salty. A large number of 
wells have been drilled for oil in the vicinity of Spindletop, south of 
Beaumont. The following is a list of artesian wells in Jefferson 
County, with other data concerning them. A record of the Stribling 

well is also given. 

Artesian wells in Jefferson County. 



Owner. 



W. C. Tyrrell 

H. De Mondrot 

Port Arthur 

McKinney 

Jefferson Rice Co 

Jes Garland 

J. W. Denny 

H. C. Wheeler (5 wells) . 

D. N. Cofiol 

A. J. Snouffer 

Do 

C. T. Heisig 

Do 

Do 

Doctor Price 

H. Aldridge 

Geo. J. McManis 

H. Aldridge 

Geo. J. McManis 

Do 

Do 

Do 

R. P.Carroll 

Court-house a, 

Natatorium b 

Hotel 6 

J. F. Keith c 



Depth. 


Flow per 
minute. 


Feet. 


Gallons. 


180 


Slight. 


430 


25 


450 


40 


620 


Slight. 


530 


Slight. 


450 


65 


260 


Slight. 


230 


Slight. 


306 


25 


180 


25 


200 


25 


230 


Slight. 


180 


No flow. 


150 


No flow. 


190 


Slight. 


135 


Slight. 


180 


20 


135 


Slight. 


178 


20 


267 


20 


* 180 


20 


653 


45 


280 


25 


745 


30 


796 


150 


1,065 


100 


534 


10 



Location. 



Hampshire, 1| miles south. 
Hampshire, 1J miles north. 



Stowell, 2 miles east. 



Port Arthur. 

Sabine Pass. 
Beaumont. 



a Diameter, 3 inches. 



b Diameter, 4J inches. 



c Diameter, 6 inches. 



32 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 

Record of Stribling well, Sabine Pass, Jefferson County. 

Feet. 

Red clay 0- 16 

Red sand 16- 20 

Red clay 20- 60 

White sand 60- 80 

Red clay 80- 140 

Coarse sand 140- 170 

Blue clay 170- 185 

White sand 185- 220 

Soft blue clay • 220- 236 

Fine white sand 236- 250 

Hard blue clay 250- 260 

White sand 260- 270 

Blue clay 270- 355 

White sand 355- 426 

Blue clay 426- 442 

Interbedded sand and clay 442- 500 

White sand 500- 600 

White sand with gravel at bottom 600- 636 

Blue clay with streaks of sand 636- 740 

Sand 740- 764 

Sand and coarse gravel, all colors 764- 795 

Hard sandstone 795- 796 

Blue shale 796- 854 

Hard sandstone 854- 855| 

Blue shale 855 J- 892 

Sandstone 892- 893 

Fine white sand '. 893- 960 

Soft blue clay .' 960-1, 000 

Fine white sand 1, 000-1, 260 

Blue and white shale. 1, 260-1, 270 

Fine white sand 1, 270-1, 360 

White and blue clays 1, 360-1, 450 

White sand 1, 450-1, 490 

Solid white and blue shale 1, 490-1, 500 

ORANGE COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — The deepest of the shallow wells of Orange County- 
are about 22 feet in depth, and a large supply of water is usually 
obtained. 

Artesian wells. — There are a few artesian wells at Orange, varying 
in depth from 400 to 800 feet. Their flows are moderate, but few 
exceeding 50 gallons a minute. A partial list of these wells is given 
below : 



DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 



33 



Artesian wells in Orange County. 



Owner. 



J. W. Link 

Do 

High school 

Do 

Electric-light plant 

Ice plant 

Sam Wilson 

W. A. Fletcher 

Texas and New Orleans Railroad. 
Do 



Depth. 



Feet. 
600 
467 
467 
500 
650 



740 
396 
435 



Flow per 
minute. 



Gallons. 
15 
21 
22 
10 



52 

Slight. 

60 



Diame- 
ter. 



Inches. 



Location. 



Orange. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Orange, 9 miles northwest. 
8 miles from Beaumont. 
Echo. 

Echo, 1 mile from Sabine 
River. 



ZAPATA COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Shallow wells are difficult to obtain in the northern 
part of Zapata County. Near the Rio Grande and along the eastern 
part of the county water can be obtained at moderate depths, but in 
the lower lands the depths of the wells vary from 100 to 250 feet. 

Artesian wells. — No information has been received concerning the 
artesian conditions of this county. 

DUVAL COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Wells in Duval County can be obtained at depths 
varying from 50 to 300 feet. 

Artesian wells. — No artesian wells have been reported from Duval 
County. Artesian water is found, however, in the southern part of 
Nueces County, in the northeastern part of Starr County and at 
Bruniville, on the Texas and Mexican Railroad, in the eastern part of 
Webb County. The northern part of Duval County lies between 
two artesian districts'; that at Kingsville, Nueces County, and that 
at Artesia, Lasalle County. Artesian water is also obtained in the 
region about 30 miles north of the northern boundary of Duval 
County. 

LIVE OAK COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Shallow-well water is obtained in the southern and 
eastern parts of Live Oak County, at depths of 100 to 120 feet; in 
the western part at about 200 feet, and in the northern part at 300 
feet. 



34 



UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 



Artesian wells. — Artesian water is found in the northern part of this- 
county. The following table gives a list of the artesian wells: 

Artesian wells in Live Oak County. 



Owner. 


Depth. 


Flow. 


Location. 


Geo. W. West 


Feet. 
155 
226 

375 
450 

150 


Slight . . 

Slight . . 

Small... 

(a) 

Flows . . 




Do 




Thos. R. T. North. .. . 




C. T. Tom 

Mrs. B. McGloin 


Oakville, 18 miles north- 
west. 
Near Mikeska. 



a Water at 6 feet below surface. 



BEE COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — In the northern and southern parts of Bee County 
wells have an average depth of about 40 feet, in the eastern part about 
70 feet, and in the western part about 100 feet. 

Artesian wells. — No information has been obtained regarding the 
artesian condition of this county. There are at present no artesian 
wells in Bee County. 

GOLIAD COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — In Goliad County water is found in shallow wells at 
depths varying from 50 to 125 feet. 

Artesian wells. — There are no artesian wells in this county. On the 
ranch of T. M. O'Connor, 6 miles south and 20 miles east of Goliad, on 
'the head of Little Carco Creek, a boring was made to a depth of 1,446 
feet, but no artesian water was obtained. 

KARNES COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — In Karnes County a good supply of water is obtained 
from shallow- wells having the following average depths: In the north- 
ern part, 60 feet ; in the eastern part, 80 feet ; in the southern part, 90 
feet; in the western part, 120 feet. 

Artesian wells. — There are at present no artesian wells in Karnes 
County. At Karnes City a test well was sunk to a depth of 1,800 feet, 
but no artesian water was found. It is possible that more extensive 
prospecting in other parts of the county may result in the discovery of 
flows at shallower depths. 

DEWITT COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Throughout Dewitt County shallow wells are 
obtained at an average depth of about 55 feet. The principal water 
supply appears to lie in sheets, so that the depths of the wells vary 
according to the elevation of the surface. 



DEWITT AND GONZALES COUNTIES. 35 

Artesian wells. — The only artesian water thus far obtained in 
Dewitt County is at Yorktown and Yoakum. At Yorktown there 
were formerly 8 or 10 small artesian wells, flowing 5 gallons a minute 
and varying in depth from 50 to 60 feet, but at present only two of 
these flow, the others having been allowed to cave in or to become 
choked with sand at the bottom. The two wells which continue to 
.flow are in the bed of Yorktown Creek. Many of the wells in the 
town show a strong artesian tendency, the water rising within 10 feet 
of the surface. At Yoakum several deep wells have been drilled and 
in nearly every case the water rises within a few feet of the surface, 
but no wells are recorded in which flows were obtained. In the deep- 
est well, 1,300 feet deep, the water is soft, relatively pure, and admira- 
bly suited for general domestic uses. It is noncorrosive and well 
adapted to boiler purposes. According to some analyses it contains 
only 42 grains of solid matter per gallon and no organic matter. 

Record of H. G. Brown's artesian well, 7\ miles southwest of Cuero, Dewitt County. 

v Feet. 

Red and yellow clay, with cobblestone - 60 

Hard rock, fine grained '. 60 - 120 

Water-bearing sand 120 - 121 

Gravel and clay, hardpan 121 - 181 

Very hard gritty rock 181 - 202 

Sandstone 202 - 365 

Yellow clay and hard rock 365 - 490 

Sand, water bearing 490 - 690£ 

Stratified rock 690$- 710 

Red, white, and blue clay 710 - 805 

"Talc, " with an occasional layer of red and blue clay 805 -1, 050 

Pale-blue "talc;" strong indications of .vater 1,050 -1,100 

Clear glassy rock, soluble in acid; slacks if exposed tc the air. . 1, 100 -1, 130 

GONZALES COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — The shallow wells of Gonzales County show consid- 
erable variation in depth, ranging from 20 to 80 feet. 

Artesian wells. — In the western part of Gonzales County the arte- 
sian water resources have been extensively developed. There are 125 
artesian wells in the vicinity of Leesville, Rancho, and Wrightsboro. 
They vary considerably in depth, ranging from 100 to 700 feet, and 
their maximum flow is 100 gallons a minute. The average flow, how- 
ever, is much less than this, as shown in the following table, which 
contains a partial list of these wells, with their depth, flow, and approxi- 
mate location. 



36 



UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 



Artesian wells in Gonzales County. 



Post-office and owner. 



Wrightsboro: 

J. G. Barnett 

R. R. Hinton 

W. T. Mahon 

Do 

W. B. Houston 

Do 

H. G. Barnett 

J. D. Tankersley .. . 
Dewet: 

J. D. Tankersley... 
W. L. Caraway 

Do 1 

J. R. Readings 

John Worthy 

F. M. Caraway 

John Caraway 

M. V. Caraway 

Albert Tankersley . 

E. O. Perkins....'.. 
Leesville: 

Jay Mahan « 

Do 

W. F. McGlasson*. 
C. C. Littlefield 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

John Bratton 

Do 

Jno. Glazier 

F. C. Baker 

W. M. Carr 

Gus Scofje 

Otto McNemar 

J. A. Williams 

K. J. Hawkins 

J. E. Martin 

Davenport 

J.B.Wells 

Do 

Do 

Do.c 

"Do.d 

Do. e 

Do./ 

Do 

Do,<2 

Do 

Do.e 

Do 

S. A. Brown 

W.H. Brown 

Do 

Do 

F. M. Caraway 

J. G. McGuffln 

S. A. Hubbard 

Doctor Littlefield. . 

Do 

Do 

J. P. Watkins 

I. A. Pruett 

Dr. J. M. Fly 

Do 

A. B. Holmes 

Geo. Brown 

Geo. Williams 

J. C. West 

J. M. Caraway 

Sol. Gordon 

W. H. Brown 

Gus Varner 

Rancho: 

H. Wicke 

Do 

W. M. Mangum 

Do 



Distance and direction from 
post-office. 



2 miles southwest . . 
1J miles northwest. 

2 miles west 

2J miies northwest. 

3 miles southwest . . 
do 



I mile west ....... 

1 J miles northeast . 

I I miles northeast . 
1 mile southwest . . 
J mile northeast. .. 
J mile south 



3 miles southeast 

do 

do 

1| miles south 

2 miles northwest 

3 miles west-northwest . . 

2 miles west 

1\ miles northwest 

2 miles west 

£ mile southwest 

1 mile south 

J mile southwest 

1 mile northeast 

1J miles north 

2\ miles north 

2 miles north 

2\ miles north 

2 miles north-northeast. 

1 mile southwest 

4 miles west-northwest . . 
1 J miles north 

3 miles northwest 

3+ miles northwest 

2 miles northwest 

2£ miles northwest 

2| miles northwest 

li- miles northwest 

2 J miles north 

3| miles north 

3J miles north 

3 "miles north-northwest. 

do 

200 yards north 

400 yards east 

300 yards east 

600 yards north 

50 yards west 

250 yards southwest 

150 yards southwest 

75 yards south 

50 yards west 

750 yards south 

500 yards southwest 

200 yards east 

100 yards northeast 

135 yards northeast 

400 yards west 

500 yards north 

350 yards west 

300 yards northeast 

200 yards northeast 

5 miles southwest 

6 miles southwest 

6 miles west 



\ mile northeast . 

1 mile northeast. 
\ mile east 

2 miles north 



Feet. 

640 

420 

363 

400± 

316 

408 

3 miles northwest 347 

| mile northeast 269 



1 mile northeast . 
100 yards south. 
J mile southeast . 



290± 

313 

200± 

311 

528 

500± 

260± 

300± 

268± 

231 

222 

527 

176 

600± 

360-fc 

350± 

212 

284 

216 

470± 

250± 

448 

500± 

439 

400± 

435 

480± 

400± 

290± 

250± 

185 

200± 

180 

200± 

200± 

200 

200 

250 

350 

350 

200 

350 

441 

504 

643 

450 

460 

143 

160 

166 

160 

490 

160± 

250± 

170± 

170± 

488 

450± 

200± 

450 

170 

420 

450 

350 

180 
297 
500 
300 



Flow per 
minute. 



Gallons. 
40 
10 
25 


10 
36 


20+ 



a First water at 135 feet: second at 222. 
6 Four wells with 4-inch pipe casing, 
c Casing, 3-inch pipe. 



<* First water. 
« Casing, 6-inch pipe. 
/ Casing, 4-inch pipe. 



GONZALES COUNTY. 



37 



Artesian wells in Gonzales County — Continued. 



Post-office and owner. 



Distance and direction from 
post-office. 



Depth. 



Flow per 
minute. 



Rancho — Continued. 
W. M. Mangum . 

James Pace 

Doctor Green 

Do 

Do 

Do 

W. T. Davis 

W.J. New 

I. W. Littleton.. 

J. R. Murray 

Paul Murray 

Mrs. Murray 

S. W. Magee 

W.A.Williams.. 
G. P. McDonald.. 

J. T. Nixon 

George McPeters. 
J. H. Patterson.. 
Mrs. C. E. Hall.. 
D. C. Hall 

Do 

Miller & Sayers. . 

W. H. Magee 

F. Weinert 

J. D. Houston. . . 
J. L.Weber...... 

Geo. Parks 

Do 

Frank Clark 

W.B.Clark 

S. W. Fanning... 
M. G. Fanning... 
Jeff Patterson . . . 



Do. a. 



1 mile east-northeast 

3 miles east 

1\ miles northeast 

do 

3 miles northeast 

\ mile northeast 

250 yards 

200 yards east 

1 mile northwest 

400 yards north 

1 mile north 

500 yards southeast 

100 yards south 

\\ miles north 

\\ miles north-northwest. 

1 mile southwest 

| mile northwest 

1 mile east 

\ mile northeast 

600 yards northeast 

2J miles northeast 

100 yards east 

4J miles east-northeast . . . 

5 "miles southwest 

3| miles south 

4 miles southeast 

3 miles southeast 

4 miles southeast 

14 miles east 

1| miles east 

2J miles east-northeast . . . 

3 miles east-northeast 

3} miles east 



Feet. 

185 

360 

420 

175 

400 

325 

509 

450 

140 

130 

180 

230 

475 

300 

M> 

400 

117 

270 

300 

350 

450 

385 

430 

406 

420 

537 

531 

505 

400 

300 

260 

225 

337 

450 

700 



Gallons. 
30 

5 
20 
10 
12 
15 
10 

6 
10 

4 
10 

5 
15 

5 

5 

6 

7 
10 

1 
25 
10 
20 
15 
10 
15 

3 
40 
30 

7 

5 
15 
13 

6 
25 
10 



a This well has two casings, one inside the other. The outer is 450 feet deep and furnishes salt 
water (25 gallons) and gas. The inner is 700 feet deep and furnishes good water. 

The following is the record of a representative artesian well, situ- 
ated on the Gentry ranch, on Sandy Fork of Peach Creek, 12 miles 
northeast of Gonzales. 



Record of Charles Gentry's artesian well, Gonzales County. 

Feet. 

Clay and flint bowlders - 45§ 

Rock 45§- 46 

Blue sand and clay 46 - 68 

Blue clay, very little sand 68 -157 

Hard sandstone, fine grained (10 inches of water sand at this 

depth; trace of oil ; lignite plentiful) 157 -195 

Sand, water and oil bearing 195 -195| 

White quartz 195|-196J 

Sandstone, nard, fine grained (trace of oil) 196^-218 

Blue clay 218 -220 

Sandstone (trace of oil) 220 -222 

Black clay, containing decayed wood 222 -228 

Sandstone (trace of oil) 228 -263 

Blue marl 263 -285 

Quartz 285 -286 

Blue marl, spongy 286 -304 

Shale with soft strata 304 -321 

Hard blue sandstone 321 -339 



3S 



UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 



Feet. 

Hard cement rock 339-378 

Clay, sand, and shell 378-380 

Rock 380-381 

Clay, sand, and shell 381-383 

Hard rock 383-384 

Clay and sand (trace of oil) 384-405 

Dark blue clay and sandstone 405-406 

Clay and sand 406-410 

Clay and shell 410-463 

Clay, little shell; thin hard rock at intervals 463-501 

Shells and clay '.. 501-579 

Clay and shell (water bearing) 579-708 

Hard rock 708-709 

LAVACA COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — An abundance of water is obtained in Lavaca. 
County from wells which vary in depth from 30 to 40 feet. 

Artesian wells. — A number of good artesian wells have been obtained 
in Hallettsville and the surrounding country. In the wells at Hal- 
lettsville two flows have been found, one at 300 feet and the other at 
560 feet below the surface. The oil-mill well encountered the first 
flow at 320 feet, which furnished a supply of 45 gallons per minute, 
while the second flow at a depth of 560 feet furnished 88 gallons a 
minute. At Shiner a flowing well was obtained at a depth of 90 feet, 
which yielded 79 gallons a minute. The well was located on low 
ground and the water rose 6 feet above the surface. Several attempts 
to obtain water from this horizon on higher ground, in the vicinity of 
Shiner, have been unsuccessful, one boring being continued to a depth 
of 700 feet without striking a flow. The following is a list of the 
artesian wells in this county: 

Artesian wells in Lavaca County. 



Owner. 


Depth. 


Flow per 
minute. 


Diame- 
ter. 


Loeation. 


City 


Feet. 
600 
560 
325 
980 
560 
340 
768 
340 
90 
700 

1,500 


Gallons. 
30 
89 
45 
140 
30 
30 


Inches. 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 




Do..." 


Do. 


Do... 


Do. 


Do 


Do. 


Oil mill 


Do. 








4 
4 
4 




C. Pagelest 


30 

25 

Failure. 

..do... 


Hallettsville, 4 miles north. 




Do. 














east. 



DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 



39 



PAYETTE COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Water in sufficient quantity for general domestic 
purposes is found in the northern and western parts of Fayette County 
at average depths of 60 feet, in the southern part at depths of 75 to 
100 feet, and in the eastern part at depths of 40 to 75 feet. 

Artesian wells. — There are 20 artesian wells in this county, including 
a few deep ones; the area in which the greatest number has been 
drilled lies north of Engle. The average depth of these wells varies 
from 200 to 300 feet and the maximum flow is 100 gallons a minute. 
The following is a list of the wells, including their depth, flow, and 
other data: 

Artesian wells in Fayette County. 



Owner. 



Depth. 


Flow per 
minute. 


Diame- 
ter. 


Feet. 


Gallons. 


Inches. 


196 


25 


3 


216 


15 


3 


220 


50 


3 


210 


10 


3 


210 


18 


3 


185 


16 


3 


165 


10 


3 


200 


10 


2 


260 


a 40 


6 


258 


a 87 


6 


267 


a 43 


5 


300 


a 79 


3 


2?5 


a 54 


3 


300 


» 79 


3 


762 


w 


10 



Location. 



John Sima 

Mrs. Vy vjala 

Do 

J. A. Drozd 

J. Kalich 

M. Schwenke 

J. Sulak 

J. Ladewig 

Compress Co 

C. Baumgartner 

W. A. McKinsen 

H. P. Schaeffer 

G. Hoefiers 

C. Blaschke 

Southern Pacific R. R 



Praha. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Engle, 2 miles northwest. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Schulenburg. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 



"■ No flow; water rises to number of feet stated below surface of ground. 



b Well caved in. 



COLOKADO COUNTY. 



Shallow wells. — Shallow wells in Colorado County are about 40 feet 
deep in the northern and western parts, 35 feet in the southern part, 
and 30 feet in the eastern part. East of Eagle Lake there are a num- 
ber of wells 30 to 35 feet deep, which furnish a large supply of good 
water. Two wells supply water for 100 acres of rice, each acre of 
which requires 9 gallons a minute, and it is generally believed that a 
good rice well can be obtained at moderate depths in this county at 
any point east of Eagle Lake. 



40 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN". 

Artesian wells. — So far as known the only artesian well in Colorado 
County is located on the west bank of Colorado River at Columbus. 
This well was bored by the city for water supply, and it has main- 
tained a steady but small flow for years. The water contains a small 
amount of gas. The record of this well is given below: 

Record of artesian well at Columbus, Colorado County. 

Feet. 
Sand and gravel 0- 29 

Soft rock : 29-37 

Fine gravel 37- 41 

Blue gravel '. 41- 54 

Yellow clay 54-99 

Hard rock 99-101 

Yellow clay 101-104 

Conglomerate rock 104-110 

Yellow ciay 110-190 

White sand, water bearing 190-198 

Yellow clay 198-210 

Hard bowlders 210-212 

Yellow clay 212-214 

Red sandstone '. 214-220 

Yellow clay 220-221 

Soft rock 221-223 

Yellow clay 223-226 

Concrete rock 226-233 

Light-red clay 233-280 

Bowlder bed '. 280-281 

Yellow clay 281-283 

Bowlder rock 283-285 

Yellow clay 285-289 

Yellow sandstone 289-290 

Yellow clay 290-302 

Hard sandstone 302-304 

White clay 304-309 

Red sandstone 309-311 

Light-yellow clay 311-319 

Yellow sandstone 319-321 

Yellow clay 321-412 

Slate and clay 412-454 

Red, white, and blue clay 454-583 

Blue sand; flowing water, 8 gallons a minute 583-600 

Hard blue clay ". 600-620 

Fine blue sand; flowing gas 620-633 

Shells and old logs 633-637 

Blue clay 637-658 

White pottery clay 658-675 

Fine white sand; flowing water 675-683 

Red and blue clay 683-730 

Hard rock 730-739 

Hard blue clay 739-793 

Fine blue sand, hard 793-807 

Fine rock (bored into 19 feet). 



DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 



41 



AUSTIN COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — A good supply of water is obtained from shallow 
wells in the western part of Austin County at an average depth of 30 
feet; in the southern part at 40 feet, in the eastern part at 60 feet, 
and in the northern part at about 50 feet. 

Artesian wells. — No artesian wells have been reported from this 

county, although it is probable that they can be obtained along 

Brazos River. 

WALLER COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — In Waller County shallow wells vary in depth from 
35 to 50 feet. 

Artesian wells. — Only a few artesian wells have been drilled in 
Waller County, the data of some of which are tabulated below. The 
most successful free-flowing wells are found near Brazos River. 

Artesian wells in Waller County. 



Owner. 


Depth. 


Flow per 
minute. 


Diameter. 


Location. 




Feet. 

1,132 

485 

850 


Gallons. 

110 

40 

15 


Inches. 
1 
1 


Hempstead. 






west. 
Hempstead, 6 miles south. 


J. C Ralston 


1,700 









WASHINGTON COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — A good supply of excellent water is obtained in 
Washington County, at various depths, ranging from 20 to 60 feet. 

Artesian wells. — Only a few artesian wells have been drilled in this 
county, a list of which is given below. It is probable that artesian 
water can be found in the eastern part of the county, in the Brazos 
bottom lands, but owing to the excellent supply of water from non- 
flowing wells few attempts have been made to develop artesian water. 

A few years ago Heber Stone had a well drilled in Brenham to a 
depth of 1,500 feet, but no flowing water was obtained. The water 
rose in the well within 40 feet of the surface, and it is believed that 
wells penetrating the same water horizon in the Brazos bottom 
lands would yield flows. The city of Brenham derives its water 
supply from wells between 300 and 400 feet deep. The following is 
a list of the artesian wells in this county. 

Artesian wells in Washington County. 



Owner. 


Depth. 


Flow. 


Diameter. 


Location. 




Feet. 
640 
340 
700 

500 

560 




Inches. 




Robert Moore 


Flows... 
Flows.. . 


2 
2 


Old Washington. 


Do 






Chapel Hill, 6 miles north- 
east. 
Chapel Hill, near. 

















42 



UNDEKGROUJSTD WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 



GRIMES COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Water from shallow wells is obtained in the eastern 
part of Grimes County at a depth of 30 feet; in the southern part, at 
35 feet; in the western part, along the Navasota, at 30 feet, and in 
the northern part at depths of 50 to 60 feet. 

Artesian wells. — Good artesian water is obtained in and around 
Navasota and between Navasota and Brazos River. The following- 
table shows the artesian wells of Grimes County: 

Artesian wells in Grimes County. 



Owner. 



R. A. Sangster 

A. J. Sangster 

Ice factory 

Mrs. Lewis Wilson. 

August Horst 

City waterworks. . . 

Shumaker 

J. M. McCord 

Do 



Depth. 


Flow per 
minute. 


Diame- 
ter. 


Feet. 
300 
225 
250 
224 

1,000 
97 
101 
850 
900 


Gallons. 

60 

+15 

+20 


Inches. 
2 


6 














Strong. 
Medium. 


4 
4 



Location. 



Navasota. 

Navasota, .J mile south. 

Navasota. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Courtney, I mile southeast. 
Courtney, f mile east. 



Record of Navasota ivell, Grimes County. 

Feet. 

Soil 0- 2 

Clay 2-18 

Sand 18-29 

Blue clay 29- 94 

Slate 94-114 

Blue clay 114-216 

Rock 216-220 

Water sand 220-237 

Blue shale 237-277 

Rock 277-280 



Analysis of water from deep well at Navasota, Grimes County. a 



Parts per million. 

Sodium (Na) 140.0 

Magnesium (Mg) 8.8 

Calcium (Ca) 43.0 

Chlorine (CI) 79.0 

Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 41. 



Parts per million. 

Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) 168.0 

Sulphates of iron and aluminum 15. 

Organic matter 38. 



532.8 



a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts per 
million and ionic form at U. S. Geol. Survey. 



DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 



43 



.LIBERTY COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Water from shallow wells is secured throughout 
Liberty County at depths of 15 to 25 feet. 

Artesian wells. — The Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railroad has deep 
wells at Trinity River and Cleveland. Records of these wells and 
analyses of their waters are given below. The following table con- 
tains a list of flowing artesian wells drilled in Liberty County : 

Floiving artesian wells in Liberty County. 



Owner. 


Depth. 


Diame- 
ter. 


Distance and direction from 
Liberty. 


J. T. Russell 

Do 


Feet. 
290 
300 
800 
150 
240 
245 
576 


Inches. 


i mile south . 


Southern Pacific R. R 






Fisher 




1 mile west. 


Do 




Do. 


Texas and New Orleans R. R 


6 





Record of deep well at Trinity River, Liberty County. 



Feet. 
0- 



Red clay 

Sand : 8- 38 

Clay 38-60 

Rock and clay . . . : 60-104 

Quicksand 104-117 

Rock 117-119 

Clay 119-121 

Rock 121-133 

Clay 133-145 

Rock 145-151 

Coarse sand 151-163 

Soapstone 163-194 

Rock 194-196 

Sand 196-203 

Rock 203-210 

Clay 210-220 

Rock 220-240 

Water sand 240-290 

Clay 290-300 

Analysis of water from deep well at Trinity River, Liberty County. a 



Parts per millior. 

Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) 7.0 

Silica (Si0 2 ) 14. 

Organic matter 50.0 



Parts per million. 

Sodium (Na) 19. 

Magnesium (Mg) 4.4 

Calcium (Ca) 38. 

Chlorine (CI) 16. 

Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 20. 

Bicarbonate radicle (HC0 3 ) 137. 

a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts per 
million and ionic form at U. S. Geol. Survey. 



305.4 



44 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 

Record of deep well at Cleveland, Liberty County. 

Feet. 

Soil 0- 4 

Yellow clay 4- 24 

Yellow sand 24-100 

Clay 100-108 

Sand 108-131 

Rock : 131-132 

Clay and coarse sand 132-140 

White sand rock 140-142 

Yellow clay 142-160 

White sand rock. . ... : 160-161 

Yellow sand 161-165 

White sand rock 165-166 

Yellow clay 166-236 

Sand 236-246 

Clay 246-288 

Open water sand 288-367 

Rock 367-368 

Analysis of water from deep well at Cleveland, Liberty County. a 
[Analyst, W. A. Powers.] 



Parts per million. 

Silica(Si0 2 ) 27 

Calcium (Ca) 43 

Magnesium (Mg) 30 

Sodium (Na) 42 

Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) . . . — 74 

Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 113 



Parts pei million 

Chlorine (CI) 9.1 

Organic matter 32 

Total solids 340 



Free carbonic acid (C0 2 ) 17 

Carbonic acid combined as HC0 3 . . 63 



MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Shallow wells in Montgomery County vary in depth 
from 30 to 50 feet. 

Artesian wells. — The Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railroad has a 
deep well at Bobbin and an artesian well at Conroe. Records of these 
wells and analyses of their waters are given below. 

Record of well at Bobbin, Montgomery County. 

Feet. 

Soil 0- 2 

Clay r 2- 12 

Sand 12-28 

Clay 28-78 

Quicksand 78- 90 

Sandstone 90-101 

Clay 101-114 

Water sand 114-134 

Clay 134-234 

Sand 234-264 

Rock 264-309 

Clay 309-343 

a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts per 
million and ionic form at U. S. Geoi. Survey. 



MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



45 



Feet. 

Rock 343-347 

Slate 347-383 

Rock 383-390 

Slate : '. 390-454 

Rock 454-457 

Slate 457-480 



Analysis of water from deep well at Bobbin, Montgomery County. a 



Part? per million. 

Sodium (Na) 90 

Magnesium (Mg) 14 

Calcium (Ca) 110 

Chlorine (CI) 167 

Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 11 

Bicarbonate radicle (HC0 3 ) 358 



Parts per million. 

Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) 65 

Silica (Si0 2 ) 27 

Sulphates of iron and aluminum . 27 
Organic matter 70 



939 



Record of ivell at Conroe, Montgomery County. 



Red clay 

Rock 

Red clay 

Sand 

Red clay 

Hard yellow clay. 

Joint clay 

Water sand 

Soft clay 

Hard clay 

Rock 

Hard clay 

Rock 

Dry sand bed 

Clay 

Rock 

Clay 

Rock 

Blue clay 

Light clay 

Soft clay 

Rock 

Water sand 

Blue clay 

Water sand 

Clay 

Soapstone 

Red clay 

Soapstone 

Clay 

Rock 

Clay 



Feet. 

0- 12 

12- 13 

13- 69 
69- 89 
89- 133 

133- 153 

153- 182 

182- 193 

193- 248 

248- 265 

265- 267 

267- 280 

280- 285 

285- 297 

297- 340 

340- 343 

343- 363 

363- 365 

365- 489 

489- 500 

500- 575 

575- 577 

577- 642 

642- 680 

680- 740 

740- 790 

790- 831 

831- 888 

888- 924 

924- 976 

976- 978 
978-1, 003 



a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts per 
million and ionic form at U. S. Geol. Survey. 

irr 190—07 4 



46 TJ1NDEKG ROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 

Feet. 

Rock : 1. 003-1, 004 

Sand. 1, 004-1, 008 

Red clay 1, 008-1, 033 

Soapstone .1, 033-1, 073 

Rock 1, 073-1, 075 

Sand 1, 075-1, 125 

Soapstone 1, 125-1, 169 

Rock 1, 169-1, 170 

Clay 1, 170-1, 190 

Rock 1, 190-1, 192 

Clay 1, 192-1, 212 

Sand 1, 212-1, 234 

Rock 1, 234-1, 236 

Analysis of water from deep well at Conroe, Montgomery County. a 



Parts per million. 

Sodium (Na) 41 

Magnesium (Mg) 16 

Calcium (Ca) : . . . 73 

Chlorine (CI) 48 

Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) 170 



Parts per million. 

Silica(Si0 2 ) 21 

Organic matter 38 

407 



WALKER COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Water is procured from shallow wells in Walker 
County at depths varying from 35 to 45 feet. 

Artesian wells. — There are no artesian wells in Walker county, but 
it is believed that they could be obtained throughout its area. The 
numerous flowing streams in the county and the shallow depths at 
which nonflowing wells may be obtained have decreased the demand 
for artesian water. 

SAN JACINTO COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — In San Jacinto County shallow wells vary in depth 
from 35 to 60 feet. 

Artesian wells. — There are no artesian wells in this county. At 
Oakhurst, 7 miles east of Dodge, a well was drilled to a depth of 1,052 
feet, penetrating hard rock the greater part of the distance, but no 
flowing water was obtained. It is generally believed that the pros- 
pects for artesian water in this region are very poor. 

POLK COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — The average depth of shallow wells in Polk County 
is 30 feet. 

Artesian wells. — There is little demand for artesian water in Polk 
County, owing to the numerous small flowing streams and the shallow 
depths at which nonflowing wells may be x obtained. 

a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts per 
million and ionic form at U. S. Geol. Survey 



DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 47 

HARDIN COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — The shallow wells of Hardin County vary in depth 
from 15 to 30 feet. The county is well drained by the small flowing 
streams that empty into Neches River or Pine Island Bayou. 

Artesian wells. — In this county there is little need for artesian water 

and consequently no artesian wells have been drilled. Deep wells are 

owned by the Santa Fe Railroad at Silsbee, Dies (Kountze post-office), 

and Votaw. Records of these wells and analyses of their waters are 

given below. 

Record of well at Silsbee, Hardin County. 

Feet. 

Clay and sand 0- 88 

Sand 88-288 

Blue sand 288-374 

Yellow clay '. 374-392 

Water sand 392-466 

Clay 466-468 

Analysis of water from deep well at Silsbee, Hardin County. a 



Parts per million. 

Sodium (Na) 24. 

Magnesium (Mg) 5.9 

Calcium (Ca) 36. 

Chlorine (CI) 26.0 

Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 15. 

Bicarbonate radicle (HC0 3 ) 136. 



Parts per million. 

Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) 9.5 

Silica (Si0 2 ) 19. 

Organic matter. . . 44. 



315.4 



Record of deep well at Dies, Hardin County. a 

Feet. 

Soil 0- 3 

Clay 3-18 

Dry sand 18- 66 

Dark clay 66-75 

Water sand 75-268 

Analysis of water from deep well at Dies, Hardin County. a 



Parts per million. 

Sodium (Na) 33.0 

Calcium (Ca) 59. 

Chlorine (CI) 62. 

Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 2.2 

Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) 79. 



Parts per million. 

Silica (Si0 2 ) 45.0 

Sulphates of iron and aluminum. . . 7.2 
Organic matter 37. 



324.4 



a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts per 
million and ionic form at U. S. Geol. Survey. 



48 



UNDERGKOUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 



Record of well at Votaw, Hardin County. 

Feet. 

Clay 0-18 

Sand 18-168 

Coarse sand 168-203 

Fine sand 203-226 

Coarse sand 226-260 

Clay 260-265 

Open water sand 265-320 

Clay 320-354 

Rock 354-355 

Analysis of water from deep well at Votaw, Hardin County. a 



Parts per million. 

Sodium (Na) 2.7 

Calcium (Ca) 13. 

Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 5.8 

Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) 19. 

Silica (Si0 2 ) 22. 



Parts per million. 
Sulphates of iron and aluminum. . 10. 
Organic matter 39. 



111.5 



TYLER COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — In the southern part of Tyler County the wells are 
about 20 feet deep, in the eastern part about 25 feet, in the northern 
part about 80 feet, and in the western part about 65 feet. 

Artesian wells.— No attempts to obtain artesian water have been 
made in this county, but an oil well was drilled near Woodville to a 
depth of 933 feet without finding artesian water. 

JASPER COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Shallow wells in Jasper County vary in depth from 
20 to 50 feet. 

Artesian wells. — So far only three artesian wells have been reported 
from this county, and these are all located on the ranch of Wiess & 
Sanders, near Wiess Bluff, in the southern part of the county. Various 
data concerning these wells are given below. There is a deep well 
at Kirbyville, a record of which follows, also an analysis of its water. 

Artesian wells in Jasper County. 



Owner. 


Depth. 


Flow per 
minute. 


Location. 




Feet. 
1,062 

1,054 
1,070 


Gallons. 




Do 


45 
60 


east. 


Do 


24 miles north 7° east. 







a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts 
per million and ionic form at U. S. Geological Survey. 



JASPEE COUNTY. 49 

Record of Wiess & Sanders artesian well No. 1 , Jasper County. a 

Feet. 

Fine sandy loani 0- 2 

Red clay 2- 25 

White sand " 25- 75 

Yellow clay 75-. 96 

Fine blue sand '. 96- 129 

Yellow clay 129- 156 

White sand 156- 173 

Yellow clay 173- 225 

Fine blue sand 225- 252 

Hard yellow clay 252- 386 

White sand 386- 476 

Blue clay 476- 547 

Blue sand : 547- 569 

Hard blue clay 569- 579 

Coarse white sand 579- 628 

Blue clay 628- 646 

Fine blue clay 646- 676 

Hard blue clay 676- 695 

Coarse white sand 695- 750 

Hard blue clay , . . 750- 759 

Soft blue clay 759- 784 

White sand 784- 794 

Hard blue clay 794- 814 

Fragmentary sand • 814- 818 

Hard blue clay 818- 900 

Rotten sandstone 900- 906 

Blue clay 906- 913 

White sand 913- 935 

Hard blue clay 935-1, 002 

Coarse white sand 1, 002-1, 021 

Fine gravel 1, 021-1, 038 

Coarse gravel 1, 038-1, 052 

White sand 1, 052-1, 086 

Blue clay 1, 086-1, 104 

White sand 1, 104-1, 202 

Record of Wiess & Sanders artesian well No. 2, Jasper County. 

Feet. 

Fine sandy loam 0- 2 

Yellow clay 2- 6 

Yellow sand 6- 18 

Gray clay 18- 27 

White sand 27- 50 

Yellow clay 50- 83 

Fine blue sand 83- 117 

Blue clay 117- 152 

White sand 152- 173 

Blue clay 173- 234 

Fine blue sand '. 234- 264 

Blue clay 264- 295 

Fine blue sand •. . . . 295- 356 

Gray clay 356- 426 

a Capacity of this well is 165 gallons a minute, or 237,000 gallons every twenty-four hours. 



50 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 

Feet. 

White sand 426- 520 

Blue clay 520- 583 

Fine blue sand 583- 620 

Blue hard clay ' 620- 631 

Coarse white sand 631- 684 

Blue clay .'.... 684- 697 

Fine blue sand 697- 718 

Soft stone 718- 756 

Hard blue clay 756- 768 

Coarse white sand, loses water rapidly 768- 799 

Hard blue clay . . . r 799- 853 

Unable to tell the strata, drills like oil strata 853- 868 

Hard blue clay 868- 936 

Fine blue clay 936- 949 

Hard blue clay 949- 990 

White sand : 990-1, 012 

Blue and green clay 1, 012-1, 039 

Hard blue clay. 

Record of deep well at Kirbyville, Jasper County. 

Feet. 

Yellow clay 0-17 

Yellow sand '. 17- 34 

Coarse white sand 34- 54 

Sand and gravel 54- 82 

Water sand 82-212 

Blue clay . *. - 212-227 

Analysis of water from deep well at Kirbyville, Jasper County. a 

Parts per million. 

Magnesium (Mg) 9.2 

Chlorine (CI) 2.5 

Carbonate radicle (CO s ) 21.0 

Sulphates of iron and aluminum 15. 

47.7 
NEWTON COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — The average depth of wells in Newton County is 35 
feet, the deepest one being in the northern part. 

Artesian wells. — The only artesian well in this county is located near 
Call and is owned by the Kirby Lumber Company. This well is 796 
feet deep, 4 inches in diameter, and has a flow of 38 gallons a minute. 
Several oil wells have been drilled near this place, but no artesian 
flows have been obtained. 

WEBB COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — The shallow wells of Webb County vary consider- 
ably in depth. In the western part they have an average depth of 60 
feet; in the northern part, 425 feet; and in the eastern part, 375 feet. 
It is very difficult to obtain water in the southern part of the county. 

a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts 
per million and ionic form at U. S. Geoiogical Survey. 



MAVERICK AND DIMMIT COUNTIES. 



51 



Artesian wells. — At Bruniville, a station on the Texas Mexican 

Railway, four artesian wells were drilled for A. M. Bruni. They are 

each 325 feet deep and flow only about 3 gallons a minute. They are 

located on 1 acre of land, just south of Bruniville, within 100 feet of 

the railroad track. 

MAVERICK COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — It is difficult to find water in Maverick County. In 
the northern part one well was drilled to a depth of 918 feet without 
getting water, while wells in other localities 500 feet deep yielded salty 
water. 

Artesian wells. — So far as can be ascertained there are no artesian 
wells in Maverick County. 

DIMMIT COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — In the Nueces Valley good wells are obtained at 
moderate depths, but on the higher lands they vary from 100 to 150 
feet in depth. 

Artesian wells. — There are over 60 artesian wells in Dimmit County, 

ranging in depth from 300 to 700 feet. The water is used for both 

stock and irrigation purposes. The following is a list of the artesian 

wells of this county, with depth, flow, and other data concerning them: 

Artesian wells in Dimmit County. 



Owner. 



F. M. Shaw 

Do :. 

Do 

Do 

J.J.Webb 

Thos. Paterson 

Do 

A. Eardley 

Do 

Do 

W. A. Manee 

Do 

J. L. Hudson 

M. J. Dermann (5 wells) 

Do 

J. C. Owen 

Burton 

Do 

W. L. Kendall 

Do 

J. K. Rector 

M. L. Oppenheimer :. 

George & Wilkerson 

F. Moehrig (3 wells) 

W. B. Rector 

Couran & Jeffrey 

Craig 

Hugh Knight 

Chas . Pollard 

A. Richardson (8 wells) 

Ed. Schimmelphening & Bro. (2 wells) 

McCaleb & McDaniel (3 wells) 

Shipp (2 wells) 

T. A. Coleman (2 wells) 

G. White 

Tom Riggs 

T. A Coleman 

F. J. Arnold 

Wm George 

Bob Lemons (2 wells) 



Depth. 



Feet. 



500 
600 
650 

? 590-690 

600 
600 
500 
350 
400 
350 
315 
375 
350 
350 
600 
350 
600 

350-600 
382 
350 
325 
600 
600 

600-650 
600 
400 

325, 418 
300 
350 
350 
350 
500 
350 

350, 700 



Flow. 



Gallons. 

150 

150 

Weak. 

Weak. 

150 

200 

200 

1,400 

1,400 

1,400 

100 

No flow. 

150 

125 

150 

150 

125 

125 

150 

Weak. 

200 

125 

100 

a 150 

200 

100 

50 

350 

350 

100-600 

150, 200 

125-150 

100 

50,75 

125 

125 

125 

150 

20 

No flow. 



Diame- 
ter. 



Inches. 
3| 
3| 
3| 
3| 
4 



10 

10 

10 
6i 
6| 
6 
4 

Si 3 , 
6J 
5« 



5| 
5| 
51 
5| 
8 
°s 
4£ 
8 
10 
4-12 



Distance and direction from 
Carrizo Springs. 



2| miles north. 

Do. 
5 miles northwest. 
5 miles east. 

Do. 
4 miles east. 

Do. 
5| miles east. 

Do. 

Do. 

4 miles east. 

Do. 

2 miles northeast. 

3 miles north. 

Do. 
2h miles north. 

2 miles north. 

Do. 

3 miles north. 

Do. 

5 miles east. 

1 mile northeast. 
1 mile north. 
2h miles north. 
" Do. 
Do. 
J mile east. 

5 miles southeast. 

Do. 
6-10 miles southeast. 

6 miles southeast. 
5 miles southeast. 
4i miles southeast. 
5 miles south. 

10 miles northwest. 
Do. 
Do 

5 miles southeast. 
5£ miles southeast. 

6 "miles southwest. 



a Each. 



52 



UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 



Record of Eardley Barosa Creek well, Dimmit County (near Carrizo Springs) . 

Feet. 

Light red soil and clay 0- 3 

Pale blue clay 3- 9 

Sand and yellow clay 9- 34 

Yellow clay 34- 64 

Pale to dark-blue clay 64- 99 

Sandstone, a little salt water, no flow 99-102 

Sticky pale-blue clay 102-152 

Blue clay containing small seams of coal 152-252 

Sand and clay 252-297 

Fine-grained sandstone 297-312 

Sand and clay 312-332 

Blue clay 332-377 

Darker blue clay 377-417 

Sand and clay 417-462 

Fine sand rock. Small flow 462-522 

Sandstone; flow gradually increased 522-682 

Fine sand and clay 682-720 

ZAVAIiLA COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Water from shallow wells is obtained in the western 
part of Zavalla County at an average depth of 50 feet, in the southern 
part at a depth of 75 feet, and in the eastern and northern parts at a 
depth of 100 feet. 

Artesian wells. — Artesian wells have been drilled in the western 
and southwestern parts of the county along some of the tributaries of 
Nueces River. The following list of wells and data concerning them 
were furnished by George C. Hermann, of Batesville. 

Artesian wells in Zavalla County. 



Owner. 



Depth. 



Flow. 



Diam- 
eter. 



Distance and direction from 
Batesville. 



R. R. Ware 

Ed. English 

Do 

Jas. Oden 

B. H. Erskine 

N. Y. andT. L. Co 

Do 

J. C Turman 

Ed. English 

Do 

James Oden 

B. H. Erskine 

Clift 

C Vancleve 

Brown & Williams 

T. A. Coleman (4 wells) 

A. Boynton 

Pratt & Hays 

I. T. Pryor 

T.Riggs 

A. Boynton 

T. A. Colemnn 

R. R. Ware 



Feet. 
211 
450 
450 
400 
250 
400 
450 
450 
390 
410 
500 
420 
450 
310 
560 
450-460 
460 
900 
1,029 
420 
460 
460 
260 



Slight. 

Strong. 

Strong. 

Strong. 

Strong. 

Strong. 

Strong. 

Strong. 

Strong. 

Strong. 

Slight. 

(o) 
Flows. 
Flows. 
Strong. 
Strong. 



Inches. 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 



31 miles south 56° west. 
28J miles south 46° west. 
28-§ miles south 46° west. 

29 miles south 49° west. 

30 miles south 50° west. 
25 miles south 58° west. 

25 miles south 66° west. 
28 miles south 71° west. 
28 miles south 47° west. 
28 miles south 46° west. 
28£ miles south 48° west. 

30 miles south 50° west. 
27§ miles south 47° west. 

28 miles south 53° west. 

26 miles south 51° west. 

31 miles south 49° west. 

29 miles south 46° west. 
25 miles south 40° west. 
16 miles south 70° west. 

28 miles south 45° west. 

29 miles south 46° west. 

31 miles south 49° west. 

32 miles south 56° west. 



a Water rises within 10 feet of surface. 



DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 



53 



LASAUUE COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — In Lasalle County the pump wells are considerably 
deeper than those in adjoining localities. They vary from 150 to 200 
feet in depth. 

Artesian wells. — There are 27 artesian wells in this county. The 
area of greatest development in well boring is around Artesia, where 
a number of wells are utilized for irrigation purposes. They vary in 
depth from 200 to 500 feet and usually furnish a strong flow of good 
water. At Cotulla the International and Great Northern Railroad 
has drilled a well 1,008 feet deep, but the water is slightly impregnated 
with salts of magnesia. In the vicinity of Dull's ranch, in the north- 
eastern portion of the county, along Frio River, there is a well-devel- 
oped artesian district. The following is a list of the artesian wells of 
the county: 

Artesian wells in Lasalle County. 



Owner. 



International and Great Northern R. R. 

Do 

J. W. Mclnnis 

Joe Cotulla 

A. Armstrong 

J. M. Ramsey 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

J. W. Bucow 

W. H. McWhorter 

Kuhn 

Anderson & Sinclair 

Do... 

Crossley 

C H. DeRyle 

T. J. Alderman 

Do 

Naylor & Jones 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

W. C Irwin 

Uhl & Gaith 

International and Great Northern R. R 



Depth. 



Feel. 
900 

1,008 
486 
400 
764 
550 
550 
350 
350 
186 
400 
450 
600 
670 
670 
400 
450 
180 
650 
295 
366 
720 

310 
300 

797 

767 



Flow per 
minute. 



Gallons. 



Diam- 
eter. 



Location. 



Cotulla. 
Do. 
Do. 

Cotulla, 1J miles north. 
Cotulla, 8 miles west. 
Artesia, 2 miles northeast. 

Do. 

Do. 
Artesia, 1 mile northeast. 
Artesia, J mile northeast. 
Artesia, 4 miles east. 
Artesia, 1 mile south. 
Artesia, 6 miles east. 
Artesia, 1 mile northwest. 
Artesia, J mile northeast. 
Artesia, 1 mile southeast. 
Artesia, 1§ mile southeast. 
Artesia, 3 miles northeast. 

Do. 
Dull's ranch, 2 miles east. 
Dull's ranch, 7 miles east. 
Dull's ranch, 14 miles north- 
east. 
Dull's ranch, 3 miles east. 
Dull's ranch, 7 miles north- 
east. 
Dull's ranch, 7 miles north- 
west. 
Cotulla, northwest. 
Encinal. 



McMUULEN COUNTY. 



Shallow wells. — The nonflowing wells of McMullen County are gen- 
erally deep. In the eastern part they have an average depth of 130 
feet, in the northern part 250 feet, and in the southern part 350 feet. 
No information has been received concerning the depth of wells in the 
western part of the county. 



54 



UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 



Artesian wells. — Data have been obtained of seven artesian wells in 
McMullen County. A list of these wells, with their depth, flow, size, 
and approximate location is given below : 

Artesian wells in McMullen County. 



Owner. 



County 

Ortho Askey. . . 

Do 

Sam Crowther.. 

Do 

Naylor & Jones. 

Do 



Depth. 



Feet. 
485 
300 
147 
1,728 
1,325 
700 
512 



Flow per 
minute. 



Gallons. 



5 

250 

200 

15 

15 



Diame- 
ter. 



Inche 



Location. 



Public square, Tilden. \ 
Tilden, 12 miles east. 
Tilden, 13 miles east. 
Tilden, 14 miles northeast. 

Do. 
Tilden, 20 miles west. 

Do. 



FRIO COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Water is obtained from shallow wells in Frio County 
at depths of 60 to 125 feet. 

Artesian wells. — There are flowing wells along San Miguel Creek, 
also at Derby, and northwest of Derby along Frio River. A typical 
artesian well of Frio County is shown on PL I, B (p. 1) . Many of the 
wells along San Miguel Creek are located along the creek bed, on very 
low ground; most of them are about 400 feet in depth, 8 inches in 
diameter, and flow about 10 gallons a minute. The general distri- 
bution of these wells is shown in PI. II (p. 2), and their depth, size, 
flow, and approximate location are given in the following table: 

Artesian wells in Frio County. 



Owner. 


Depth. 


Flow per 
minute. 


Diame- 
ter. 


Location. 


G. F. Hinds 


Feet. 
420 

410 
400 

405 

200 

115 

60 

300 


Gallons. 
25 

15 
20 

50 

17 

12 

7 

20 


Inches. 


San Miguel Creek, 1J miles 


Do 




from Atascosa County line. 
Do. 


Do... 






F. M. O'Connor 


5 
4 
2 
1 
4 


north of No. 2. 
San Miguel Creek, 1 mile 


Do 


above No. 1. 
San Miguel Creek, 1 mile 


Do 


above No. 4. 
San Miguel Creek, 2 miles 


Do 


above No. 5. 
San Miguel Creek, 2 miles 


Do r 

S. Speed 


above No. 6. 
1 mile south of No. 4. 
Derby, 4 miles east. 


Do 








Do. 


P. E. Authar 


600 

800 

1,473 




6 
5 
5 
8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

6 

8 
2 










Do 


400 
10 

10 

10 

10 

2 
10 

5 
12 






San Miguel Creek, 4 miles 


Do 




above No. 7. 
San Miguel Creek, 3 miles 


Do 


398 


above No. 14. 
San Miguel Creek, 3 miles 


Do 


above No. 15. 


Do 




above No. 16. 


Do 




west of No. 17. 






above No. 17. 

San Miguel Creek, 1 mile be- 
low No. 6. 

Miguel, 5 miles west of post- 
office. 




380 

648 
125 




J. W. De Villbis 


19 


San Miguel Creek, J mile 
above No. 6. 





DETAILS EY COUNTIES. 



55 



ATASCOSA COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — A good supply of excellent water is obtained from 
wells 40 to 60 feet deep throughout the greater part of Atascosa 
County. 

Artesian wells. — Artesian water is found in all parts of this county, 
at depths varying from 200 to 700 feet. The county is well drained 
by the tributaries of San Miguel Creek, and wells for the most part are 
located along these tributaries. The approximate location of artesian 
wells, also their depth, flow, and diameter are given in the following 

table : 

Artesian wells in Atascosa County. 



Owner. 


Depth. 


Flow per 
minute. 


Diame- 
ter. 


Distance and direction f.'cr.i 
Pleasanton. 


J. B. Williams 


Feet. 
120 
520 
447 
376 
620 
625 
740 
400 
314 
230 
500 
340 
320 
510 
397 
337 
227 
430 
319 
300 
240 
228 
208 
308 
540 
915 
700 

1,011 
207 
441 
139 
165 
340 
202 
200 
729 
700 
525 
280 
378 
377 
357 
368 
406 
301 
497 
700 


Gallons. 
20 
10 
30 
7 
32 


Inches. 




Do. . 




Do. 


Theo. Oden 






Do 




Do. 


Do 




Do. 










20 
5 

60 
4 

40 

15 
6 
























Dr. E. L. Sharpe 






Do 




Do. 
























30 
50 
10 
15 
2 
12 
4 
8 
55 
60 




Do. 


Do 




3 miles east. 














J. M. Solis 


















Do 




Do. 




4 
3^ 




Do 








Do 








Do 
















C. T. Tom ' 


35 
4 
6 
4.5 
4.5 
4.5 
40 
35 
75 
12 


2 


19 miles southeast. 






Do 




Do. 


J.N. McAda 






Do 




D. C McAda 










Do 






Do... 


















Mrs. N. R. Wallace . 


30 

18 




Do. 


Allen & Wilson 




Do. 






Do. 


F. M. Mansfield 


4 

5 

40 

100 




Do. 


V. Richter 






J. A. Walton 


2 
4 




J . S. Thornton 


Do. 







BEXAR COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — In the southern part of Bexar County water can be 
procured at depths varying from 30 to 60 feet; near Vanraub, at a 
depth of 325 feet, and at Leon Springs, at depths of 40 to 200 feet. 

Artesian wells. — There are nearly 100 artesian wells in Bexar County. 
Some of them are among the strongest wells in the State. The water 



56 



UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 



is of excellent quality and is used largely for irrigation. The following 
is a list of the artesian wells, giving location and other data: 

• Artesian wells in Bexar County. 



West End Town Co 

Russ 

Brendle 

Yantis 

Waterworks No. 1 

Waterworks No. 2-4 

Waterworks Nos. 5-8*.. 
Waterworks Nos. 9-12 c_ 

Schulz Sanitarium 

Crystal Ice Co 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Street railway 

Do 

Court-housed 

State asylum e 

Col. Terrell « 

C. Kampman 

Do 

Geo. Dulnig / 

Santa Rosa Hospital . . . 



Do 

Schulz 

Union Meat Co. 
Menger Hotel . . 
Koelbeen 



Dignowitty 

Kampman 

Epps 

Van Dale 

F. F. Collins 

Do 

T. F. Brady 

Walters 

Barnes 

Meerscheidt-Stieren Irrigation Co. g . 

A. Herff 

Elmendorf 

Hofheinz 

Tommins 

Acme Irrigation Co 

J. D. Guinn 

H. J. Ackerman 

Watters 

D. Sullivan 

J. C. Chaney 

City brewery 

Do 

Lone Star Brewery 

United States Ice Plant 

Do 

D. Meyer 

Tappans polo ranch 

J. D. Guinn 

T. B. Dashiel 

W. Eisenhauer 

Urbahn 

Kampman h 



St. Louis College 

Do 

International and Great Northern R. R.i.. 



Depth. 



Feet. 
260 
250 
583 
540 
630 
780 



712 

657 

657 

715 

850 

980 

1,140 

760 

1,900 

1,900 

650 

464 

2,215 

1,000 

1,250 
822 
1,202 
1,160 
1,100 

465 
850 
884 
835 
700 
850 

1,500 
900 
950 
950 

1,200 
750 



1,500 

1,200 

610 

1,400 

1,400 

800 

1,500 

728 

728 

805 

710 

' 710 



1,000 

635 

700 

1,200 

1,000 

720 
720 



Flow per 
minute. 



Gallons. 
150 
60 



400 

1,042 

a 1,042 

a, 4, 166 

a 1,740 

555 

417 

417 

278 

36 

156 

17 

861 

Flows. 

555 

200 

20 

1,007 

104 



200 
300 
170 
140 

55 

200 

70 

55 

1,200 

300 

400 

200 

1,200 

800 

Slight. 

377 



Slight. 

No flow. 

50 

50 

50 

No flow. 

100 

2,083 

2,083 

650 

650 

650 



No flow. 
Slight. 

....do... 

No flow. 
Occa- 
sional. 

No flow. 

....do... 
Good. 



Location with respect to 
San Antonio. ■ 



West End Lake. 

In town. 

3 miles north. 

2.5 miles northwest. 

| mile below head of river. 

1J miles below head of river. 

Market street. 

Do. 
Alamo Plaza. 
Eighth street. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Tenth street. 

Do. 
Center of city. 
3 miles southeast. 

5 miles southeast. 
3 miles east. 

Do. 

6 miles southeast. 

400 yards northwest court- 
house. 
Do. 
2\ miles northwest. 
1J miles southwest. 

Southern Pacific round- 
house. 
\\ miles west. 
Velita street. 
2\ miles southwest. 

2 miles west. 

| mile southwest. 
J mile northeast. 
21 miles southwest. 

Do. 

Do. 

3 miles west. 
3| miles west. 
3 miles west. 

5 miles southwest. 
21 miles south. 

5 "miles southwest. 
3 miles northeast. 

6 miles east. 

2J miles southwest. 
3 miles northwest. 
2J miles southeast. 
James street. 

Do. 
Jones street. 
Grayson street. 

Do. 

3 miles west. 

5 miles northwest. 
5£ miles northeast. 

7 miles northeast. 
5 miles east. 

4 miles east. 

3 miles north. 

5 miles west. 

Do. 
At Davenport. 



a Each. 

b Four 12-inch wells. 

c Four 8-inch wells. 

d Gas and water at 460 and 620 feet below surface. 

«Hot sulphur water. 

/6-inch well yielding hot sulphur water. 

e Two wells: One 6-inch, with 800-gallon flow; one 10-inch, with 3,000-gallon flow. 

A Water at 630 feet. 

i Water rises within 110 feet of surface. 



DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 



57 



WILSON COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — The shallow wells of Wilson County are from 30 to 
150 feet deep. 

Artesian wells. — There are two principal artesian-well districts in 
the county — one in the southwestern part, where a group of wells 
is owned by J. S. Thornton and J. J. Stevens, and one in the vicinity 
of Stockdale and Sutherland Springs. A list of these wells, including 
available data, is given below. t 

Artesian wells in Wilson County. 



Location. 



W. W. Beaty.. 
J. S. Thornton. 

Do 

Do 

J. J. Stevens. . . 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 



W. A. Coughran. 
T. B. Coughran. 
H. M. Aubrey. . . 



Hobbs. 



Depth. 


Flow per 
minute. 


Diam- 
eter. 


Feet. 
565 
700 


Gallons. 
20 
15 


Inches. 

91 

"2 


840 


90 


4 


460 


30 


3 


365 

650 

650 

1,036 


40 
50 

50 
50 










960 


50 




700 

480 

1,200 

400 


15 
12 


34 

2| 


00 







Union, J mile northeast. 

Floresville, 8 miles south- 
west. 

Floresville, 11 miles south, 
4 west. 

Floresville, 8 miles south, 
7 west. 

Floresville, 10 miles west, on 
Borego Creek. 

Floresville, 11 miles south- 
west, on Borego Creek. 

Floresville, 10J miles norths 
west, on Borego Creek. 

Floresville, 13 miles south- 
west, on Prietas Creek. 

Floresville, 16 miles south- 
west, on Lucas Creek. 

Floresville, 4 miles west. 

Floresville, 5 miles west. 

Sutherland Springs, \ mile 
northeast. 

Sutherland Springs, 3 miles 
southeast. 



GUADALUPE COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Water is obtained in Guadalupe County in the east- 
ern part at an average depth of 40 feet, in the southern part at 60 
feet, in the western part at 70 feet, and in the northern part at 80 feet. 

Artesian wells. — The only attempt to develop the artesian-water 
resources of this county was made by Adolph Ziegenhols, on his farm 
12 miles north of Seguin, where a flow of strong sulphur water was 
found at a depth of 800 feet. 



CALDWELL COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Good wells are obtained throughout the greater 
part of Caldwell County at depths varying from 18 to 50 feet. Near 
Lockhart wells are from 18 to 20 feet deep, but on the prairie west 
of Lockhart they are somewhat deeper. South of Maxwell and east 
of Martindale it is difficult to get water, and it is generally not obtained 
at depths less than 100 feet. 



58 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 

Artesian wells. — Only two artesian wells have been reported from 
this county. T. F. Hudson, near Lockhart, has a 6-inch flowing well 
260 feet deep, and V. Leshikar has one 5 miles west of Lockhart 
which has a depth of 180 feet, a diameter of 8 inches, and a flow of 
only a few gallons a minute. 

BASTROP COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Throughout Bastrop County the shallow wells are 
from 35 to 70 feet deep and generally furnish a good supply of water. 

Artesian, wells.— Very little prospecting has been done for artesian 
water in this county. In 1893 a well was drilled to a depth of 1,010 
feet near Bastrop by the Bastrop Building and Loan Association 
without striking water. 

EEE COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — In Lee County the average shallow well is 40 to 50 
feet deep, and a good supply is usually obtained. 

Artesian wells. — Owing to the ease with which shallow wells may 
be obtained in this county, few attempts have been made to develop 
artesian water. The only flowing well in the county is owned by 
M. G. York, near Leobau. It is a 6-inch well, 800 feet deep, but the 
exact flow has not been ascertained. 

ROBERTSON COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — A good supply of water is found in Robertson 
County about 40 feet below the surface. 

Artesian wells. — There are a large number of flowing wells between 
Big and Little Brazos rivers, from a point opposite Calvert to the 
mouth of the Little Brazos, a distance of about 25 miles. Water is 
obtained throughout this valley at four artesian horizons at depths 
of 160, 450, 650, and 920 feet. Attempts to get water east of Hearne, 
on the highland extending from Bremond to Franklin, have resulted 
in failure. At Hearne there are 23 flowing wells, nearly all of which 
obtain water from an artesian horizon 700 feet below the surface. 
The following is a list: 



ROBERTSON AND MILAM COUNTIES. 

Artesian wells at Hearne. 



59 



Owner. 


Depth. 


Owner. 


Depth. 




Feet. 

740 

680 

720 

720 

700 + 

700 + 

700 

715 

660 
1,020 

750 

700 


L. W. Carr 


Feet. 
700 


Do 


C. J. Hostrasses 

R. C. Allen 


690 
666 


Do 




710 




Chas. Wood ; 


400 






720 


Do 




720 


National Oil Co 


C. L. Glass b 


690 


Planters' 1 Co 


Do 


700 


Stock Yards a 


Do 


710 


Do 


City 


720 













a One mile northwest of Hearne. 



6 Three miles southwest of Hearne. 



MILAM COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — The average depth of shallow wells throughout 
Milam County is 50 feet. An abundant supply is usually obtained. 
In the western part of the county considerable difficulty is some- 
times experienced in getting a successful well. 

Artesian wells. — The International and Great Northern Railroad 
drilled a 6-inch well at Thorndale to a depth of 2,000 feet, passing 
through several beds of lignite coal, without obtaining artesian water. 
Other similar deep borings have been made for artesian water in the 
western part of the county without success. The following is a list 
of deep borings in Milam County: . 

Deep borings in Milam County. 



Owner. 


Depth. 


Location. 


W. S. Caruthers 


Feet. 

1,790 

1,356 

831 

700 

530 




A. E. Brady 


Maysfield. 

Baileyville, 34 miles west. 


T. J. Estes 




J. A. Peele 









60 



UNDEEGEOUND WATEES OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 



BURXjESON county. 



Shallow wells. — In Burleson County wells 50 to 75 feet deep fur- 
nish a good supply of water. 

Artesian wells. — Flowing wells are obtained in the Brazos bottom 
lands at depths varying from 355 to 1,250 feet, the average being 
about 700 feet. A list of these wells, with other data, the record of a 
688-foot well at Clay, and analyses of the water from this well and 
from one of M. Parker's wells are given below: 

Artesian wells in Burleson County. 



J. W. Coulter 

Do 

Carson & Smith . . 

Do 

T. R. Batteo 

J. O. Chance 

Do. & 

Do.c 

Do 

Do 

Fountain Bros... 

Do 

Do 

Do 

A. L. Ewing 

J. B. Rosprim 

G. G. Foster 

Do 

Adline Jones 

Jas. Butler 

Do 

Do 

Mit. Parker 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Bo.d 

Do 

T. M. Ewing e 

Robt. Dennis 

R. A. Rogers 

Frank Aldridge/. 

Joe Collier 

T. F. Hudson 

V. Leshikar 

J. D. Rogers g 



D th Flow per Diame 



Feet. 
750 



355 
750 
850 
900 

1,009 
650 
700 
550 

1,250 
900 
900 
900 
740 
910 
900 
900 
850 
840 
900 
850 
630 
585 
535 
630 
835 
750 
760 
511 
400 
420 
760 
800 
260 
180 
703 



Gallons. 

10 

Small. 

5 

Strong. 

50 

V 

3 

7 



20 



1 

2 

5 

20 

25 

20 

25 

25 

20 

12 

12 

15 

15 

35 

30 

15 

2 

7 

2-J 

2 

5 

160 

Small. 

45 



Inches. 
1J 
1 
1 
1 

11 

2 

1-2 

3 
1 
2 
2 
1 

11 

li 

2 

2 

2 

1J 

2 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

6 



Location. 



Clay, 6 miles northeast. 
Clay., 7i miles northeast. 
Clay, 8 miles northeast. 

Do. 
Whittaker, 3J miles southeast. 
Whittaker, lh miles northeast. 
Whittaker. 

Whittaker, 3J miles northwest. 
Whittaker, il miles northwest. 
Whittaker. 
Whittaker, 1| miles northwest. 

Do. 

Do. 
Myers, 1 mile southeast. 
Myers, 1 mile south. 
Myers. 

Myers, 400 yards west. 
Myers, 800 yards west. 
Myers, 2 miles southwest. 
Myers, 3 miles northwest. 
Myers, 3 miles north. 
Grant, § mile south. 
Cooks Point, 3 miles east. 

Do. 
Pittbridge. 

Pittbridge, 1 mile west. 
Pittbridge, 4 miles south. 
Tunis, li -miles east. 
Tunis, 3 miles southeast. 
Pittbridge, 1J miles east. 
Pittbridge, 1J miles northeast. 
Stone City, 300 yards south. 
Rita, 7i miles south. 
Rita, 2 miles east. 
Caldwell, J mile northeast. 
Caldwell, 5 miles southwest. 
Somerville, 7 miles southeast. 



a Temperature of water 77° F.; gas escapes from pipe. 

b Continuous flow of gas: water salty. 

c Gas associated with water. 

d At 350 feet a flow of salt water associated with gas was obtained. 

e Well flowed 60 gallons a minute at first, but is now becoming choked with sand. 

/ Oil well. 

g Good flow obtained at 400 feet. 

Analysis of water from deep tvell owned by Mit. Parker, 3 miles southeast of Tunis, 

Burleson County.a 



Parts per million. 

Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 630 

Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) 520 



Parts per million. 

Potassium (K) 7 

Sodium (Na) 520 

Magnesium (Mg) 4 

Calcium (Ca) 11 

Chlorine (CI) 64 

a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts 
per million and ionic form at U. S. Geol. Survey. 



1,756 



BURLESON AND BRAZOS COUNTIES. 61 

Record of well at Clay, Burleson County. 

Feet. 

Soil 0-15 

Clay 15-28 

Rock 28-41 

Sand - 41-67 

Lignite 67-74 

Blue granite 74- 88 

Blue sand '. 88-124 

Gray sand rock 124-161 

Lignite 161-169 

Blue limestone rock .- 169-185 

Sand 185-188 

Gray sand rock 188-197 

Soapstone , 197-217 

Bock 217-220 

Soapstone : 220-249 

Fine blue sand 249-254 

Blue limestone 254-261 

Soapstone 261-271 

Rock 271-282 

Soapstone 282-420 

Fine water sand 420-480 

Soapstone 480-525 

Close blue sand with lignite and soapstone 525-608 

Water sand 608-613 

Lignite and soapstone 613-632 

Water sand '. . 632-636 

Soapstone and sand 636-647 

Water sand 647-687 

Rock 687-688 

Analysis of water from deep well at Clay, Burleson County. a 



Parts per million. 

Sodium (Na) 490. 

Magnesium (Mg) , 8.0 

Calcium (Ca) 21. 

Chlorine (CI) 490. 

Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 4. 6 

Bicarbonate radicle (HCCU 320. 



Parts per million. 

Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) 30. 

Silica (Si0 2 ) 38. 

Organic matter 79. 



1, 480. 6 



BRAZOS COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Water in sufficient quantity to supply an ordinary 
well is found in Brazos County from 35 to 60 feet below the surface. 

Artesian wells. — The best developed artesian area in Brazos County 
is located near Steeles Store and Stone City, between Little and Big 
Brazos rivers, where about 50 flowing wells are located. About 15 
miles southwest of Bryan there are a number of smaller artesian wells, 
varying in depth from 200 to 1,000 feet, but averaging about 300 
feet, with diameters of 1 to 3 inches. The smaller wells yield about 

a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts 
per million and ionic form at U. S. Geol. Survey. 

IRR 190—07 5 



62 



U1STDEEGR0UND WATEES OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 



47 gallons a minute; the larger and deeper ones furnish considerably 
more. In sinking the deep wells in this district several small flows 
are encountered before the main water horizon is reached. These are 
generally cased off and only the water from the lowest horizon allowed 
to flow. In addition to the above-described wells there are a few in 
the southern part of the county. A partial list of the artesian and 
deep wells of Brazos County is given below, also a record of the 
materials penetrated in the Hearne and Brazos Valley Railroad well 
at Stone City. 

Partial list of artesian and deep wells in Brazos County. 



Owner. 



Depth. 



Location. 



Hearne and Brazos Valley R. R. 

Templeton & Foster 

John D. Rogers i 

Do 



Feet. 
1,005 



900 
1,300 



Flows, 
Flows. 
Flows. 



Stone City. 

Navasota, 6 miles west. 
Allenfarm. 
Allenfarm, 1 mile west. 



Record of Hearne and Brazos Valley Railroad well at Stone City, Brazos County. 



Surface blue clay 0- 25 

Rock 25- 28 

Blue clay . 28- 60 

Rock '. 60- 61 

Blue marl 61- 105 

Lignite 105- 106 

Blue marl 106- 145 

Rock 145- 147 

Blue marl with an occasional layer of rock r. 147-1, 005 

MADISON COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Throughout Madison County good water is obtained 
from wells at depths of 50 to 80 feet, depending on the elevation of 
the surface. 

Artesian wells. — Owing to the ease with which good shallow wells 
are obtained and the numerous small flowing streams traversing the 
county, there is little need for flowing wells, and so far as can be 
ascertained no attempts have been made to develop this resource. 

LEON COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — In Leon County shallow wells vary in depth from 
30 to 45 feet, and a good supply of water is generally struck. 

Artesian wells. — The only artesian well in Leon County is that 
owned by J. H. Oliver. It is located one-half mile northwest of 
Buffalo and has a depth of 1,200 feet. 



DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 63 

FREESTONE COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — The shallow wells of Freestone County are from 35 
to 45 feet deep and generally contain from 6 to 20 feet of water. 

Artesian wells. — Owing mainly to the abundant supply of shallow- 
well water throughout the county, no attempts have been made to 
get artesian flows. 

HOUSTON COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Most of the shallow wells throughout Houston 
County are less than 40 feet deep, and a large supply of water is 
generally obtained. 

Artesian wells. — At Crockett a well was sunk by Prof. J. B. Smith 
to a depth of 700 feet, and the water rose within 40 feet of the surface. 
There are several wells at Kenard 1,100 to 1,200 feet deep, from which 
a large supply of water is obtained by pumping. 

ANDERSON COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — A good water supply is found in Anderson County 
at a depth of 30 to 40 feet below the surface. 

Artesian wells. — There are no artesian wells in this county, but sev- 
eral deep borings have been made at Palestine and other places which 
furnish a good supply of water by pumping. 

EIMESTONE COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Water is secured in the southern part of Limestone 
County at a depth of about 35 feet. In the northwestern part the 
wells are somewhat deeper, averaging 60 feet. 

Artesian wells. — There are no artesian wells in Limestone County, 
although it is believed that flows might be obtained if wells were sunk 
to a sufficient depth. 

CHEROKEE, TRINITY, ANGELINA, SAN AUGUSTINE, AND 
SABINE COUNTIES. 

Shallow wells. — Throughout Cherokee, Trinity, Angelina, San 
Augustine, and Sabine counties shallow wells find water at depths 
varying from 30 to 50 feet, and the supply is generally large. 

Artesian wells. — The only artesian well in these counties is at Grove- 
ton, the county seat of Trinity County, where a 6-inch well 495 feet 
deep yields 27 gallons a minute. There is a deep well at Bronson, 
Sabine County, a record of which is given below, also an analysis of the 
water. 



64 



UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 



Record of deep well at Bronson, Sabine County. 



Yellow clay. 

Blue clay 

Brown shale . 
Sand 



Brown shale 

Sand 

Blue clay 

Limestone rock. 

Blue clay 

Sand 



Blue clay. 

Brown shale 

Blue clay 

Blue clay and "shell".. 

Blue clay 

Sand rock 

Blue clay 

Blue clay and bowlders. 

Blue clay 

Water sand * 

Blue clay 

Dark sand 

Blue clay 

Blue shale and "shell". 

Dark shale 

Water sand 

Dark clay 



Analysis of -water from deep ivell at Bronson, Sabine County. a 



0- 


30 


30- 


60 


60- 


103 


103- 


115 


115- 


145 


145- 


155 


155- 


163 


163- 


164 


164- 


258 


258- 


272 


272- 


322 


322- 


352 


352- 


374 


374- 


380 


380- 


486 


486- 


489 


489- 


578 


578- 


586 


586- 


674 


674- 


729 


729- 


810 


810- 


818 


818- 


892 


892- 


928 


928-1 


,018 


1, 018-1 


,068 


1, 068-1 


,070 



Parts per million. 

Sodium (Na) 330. 

Chlorine (CI) 30.0 

Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 8.1 

Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) 395 



Parts per million. 

Silica (Si0 2 ) 17. 

Organic matter 34. 



814.1 



NACOGDOCHES COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Wells of moderate yield are obtained in Nacog- 
doches County at a depth of 25 feet. 

Artesian wells. — Two wells have been sunk in this county and data 
concerning them are given below. 

Artesian icells in Nacogdoches County. 



Owner. 


Depth. 


Flow per 
minute. 


Diame- 
ter. 


Distance from Nacogdoches. 




Feet. 
285 
820 


Gallons. 
40 


Inches. 
4 
6 













a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts per 
million and ionic form at U. S. Geol. Survey. 



DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 65 

SHELBY, PANOLA, AND RUSK COUNTIES. 

Shallow wells. — Water in Shelby, Panola, and Rusk counties is 
obtained in abundance in wells ranging from 20 to 35 feet in depth. 

Artesian wells. — There is little demand for artesian water in these 
counties, owing mainly to the shallow depth at which ground water 
may be obtained. At Center, Shelby County, there is a deep well, a 
record of which is given below ; also an analysis of the water. 

• 
Record log of deep well at Center, Shelby County. 

Feet. 

Yellow clay 0- 10 

Brown shale 10-106 

Lignite 106-108 

Brown shale 108-240 

Sand : 240-250 

Brown shale 250-320 

White sandstone 320-330 

Brown shale 330-356 

Lignite 356-358 

Brown shale 358-372 

White sandstone 372-374 

Brown shale r 374^16 

"Stone coal " '. . . . 416-417 

Brown shale 417-443 

Sandstone 443-445 

Brown shale 445-517 

" Gray granite " 517-520 

Brown shale 520-556 

Sandstone 556-557 

Brown shale .- , 557-562 

"Gray granite" 562-564 

White sand, water bearing 564-614 

Brown shale 614-623 



Analysis of water from deep well at Center, Shelby County. a 

Parts per million. 

Sodium (Na) 370. 

Calcium (Ca) 4. 1 

Chlorine (CI) 57. 

Sulphate radicle (S0 4 ) 14. 

Carbonate radicle (C0 3 ) 430. 



Parts per million. 

Silica (Si0 2 ) , 24.0 

Organic matter 31. 



930.1 



VAN ZANDT AND RAINS COUNTIES. 

Shallow wells. — Throughout Van Zandt and Rains counties an ade- 
quate supply of water is obtained from wells ranging in depth from 20 
to 45 feet. 

Artesian wells. — There are at present no flowing wells in either of 
these counties; and, so far as can be ascertained, no prospecting for 
artesian water has been done. 

a Expressed by analyst in grains per gallon and hypothetical combinations; recomputed to parts per 
million and ionic form at U. S. Geol. Survey. 



66 UNDERGROUND WATERS OF TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN. 

SMITH COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — In Smith County water occurs at shallow depths, 
rarely exceeding 35 feet, and the supply is usually large. 

Artesian wells. — A few years ago an oil well was drilled on the 
county poor farm to a depth of 460 feet and a strong flow of water 
obtained. No other deep borings have been reported from this 
county, but it is believed that artesian water could be obtained at 
other localities if wells were sunk to a sufficient depth. 

WOOD AND GREGG COUNTIES. 

Shallow wells. — Water is found in Wood and Gregg counties at 
depths ranging from 25 to 80 feet. The supply is large and the 
quality generally good, but a few wells near Quitman and Winns- 
boro furnish water containing a large percentage of mineral salts. 

Artesian wells. — No flowing wells have been reported from either 
of these counties. About 6 miles south of Longview, Gregg County, 
an oil well was sunk to a depth of 1,424 feet without obtaining 
artesian water. It is possible that flows might be found at shal- 
lower depths in Wood County or in other parts of Gregg County, 
but thus far no tests have been made in these localities. A record 
of the deep oil well near Longview is given below : 

Partial record of well 6 miles south of Longview, Gregg County. 

Feet. 

No record 0- 285 

Soapstone 285- 305 

Flint 305- 307 

Soapstone 307- 322 

Shaly clay , . . . . 322- 329 

Sandy shale. 329- 353 

Clay 353- 356 

Sandy shale 356- 437 

Clay : 437- 452 

Sandy shale 452- 487 

Flint 487- 489 

Sandstone 489- 543 

Lignite 543- 545 

Clay 545- 551 

Sand 551- 571 

Flint 571- 574 

Sandy shale 574- 710 

Clay 710- 745 

Sandstone 745- 756 

Water-bearing sand . 756- 780 

Sandstone 780- 880 

Clay 880- 892 

Sandy shale 892-1, 027 

Clay 1, 027-1, 034 

Sandy shale 1, 034-1, 199 

Flint 1, 199-1, 200 

Sandstone , 1, 200-1, 246 

Sandy shale 1, 246-1, 424 

Gumbo. 



DETAILS BY COUNTIES. 67 

UPSHUR COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — In Upshur County the water table appears to be 
about 35 to 40 feet below the surface, and at this depth a good 
supply of relatively pure water is obtained. 

Artesian wells. — The only artesian well which has been reported 
from this county is on the John Gillis ranch, 1J miles southwest of 
Hawkins. It is 250 feet deep and yields a flow of 2 J gallons a 
minute. 

HARRISON COUNTY. 

Shallow wells.— In Harrison County sufficient water for ordinary 
domestic purposes is struck at depths rarely exceeding 40 feet, and 
the quality is usually good. 

Artesian wells.— The only artesian well in Harrison County is 
owned by the Marshall waterworks. This well was bored in Janu- 
ary, 1900, and the first flows were obtained at shallow depths. It 
is 208 feet deep, 6 inches in diameter, and has a flow of 200,000 
gallons every twenty-four hours. The following is a record of the 
material penetrated: 

Record of artesian well at Marshall, Harrison County. 

Feet. 

Soil and clay 0- 80 

Sand with rock at base, water bearing 80-100 

Clay with layers of lignite 100-160 

Sand with rock at base, water bearing 160-180 

Sand, water bearing 180-208 

This test well was made without a strainer, and considerable sand 
was brought up with the water. The test was continued for about 
twelve hours with no apparent change of flow. 

MARION COUNTY. 

Shallow wells. — Water in Marion County is found at 25 to 50 feet 
below the surface, and the supply is both abundant and pure. 

Artesian wells. — The only artesian well reported from this county 
is owned by J. M. De Ware, at Jefferson. It is 2 inches in diameter, 
801 feet deep, and yields a small flow, but the exact amount has 
not been ascertained. 



INDEX. 



A. 

Page. 

Acknowledgments to those aiding 1 

Alameda, wells near 25 

Alice, well near, record of 12 

Alligator Head, well at, record of 15 

Alta Loma, wells at 28 

wells at, record of 28-29 

Alvin, wells near 21 

Anahuac, wells at and near 31 

Anaqua, wells near 14 

Anderson County, artesian wells in_ 63 

shallow wells in 63 

Angelina County, artesian wells in__ 63 

shallow wells in 63 

Areola, well near 24 

Area of region 1 

Aransas County, artesian wells in 14 

shallow wells in 14 

Arnold well, record of 22-23 

Artesia, wells near : 53 

Artesian wells, flow of 3 

location of, map showing 2 

occurrence of 2-3 

views of 1,6 

Atacosa County, artesian wells in 54, 55 

shallow wells in 55 

Atravesada well, record of 5-6 

Ashby, well near 19 

Austin County, artesian wells in 41 

shallow wells in 41 

B. 

Barker, well near 25 

Barosa Creek, well on, record of 52 

Bastrop, well near 58 

Bastrop County, artesian wells in 58 

shallow wells in 58 

Batesville, wells near 52 

Bay City, wells near 19 

Bay View, well near 29 

Beasley (S. II.) well, record of 17-18 

Beaumont, well at ,. 31 

Bee County, artesian wells in 34 

shallow wells in 34 

Bexar County, artesian wells in 55-56 

shallow wells in 55 

Blessing, wells near 19 

Bobbin, well at, record of 44-45 

well at, water of, analysis of__ 45 

Branchville, wells at and near 59 

Brazoria, well near 21 

Brazoria County, artesian wells in_ 21-24 

artesian wells in, records of 22-24 

shallow wells in 21 



Page. 

Brazos, wells near 21 

Brazos County, artesian wells in 61-62 

. artesian wells in, record of 62 

shallow wells in 61 

Brenham, water supply of 41 

Breslau, well at 38 

Bronson, well at, record of 63-64 

well at, water of, analysis of 64 

Brown (H. G.) well, record of 35 

Brownsville, wells at 3 

Brimiville, wells at 51 

Bryan, wells near • 61 

Bryan Heights, well near 21 

Buffalo, well near 62 

Burleson County, artesian wells in_ 60-61 

artesian well in, record of 61 

water of, analyses of 60, 61 

shallow wells in 60 

C. 

Caldwell, wells near 60 

Caldwell County, artesian wells in_ 58 

shallow wells in 57 

Calhoun County, artesian wells in__ 14-15 

artesian wells in, record of 15 

shallow wells in 14 

Call, well near 50 

Calvert, wells near 58 

Cameron County, artesian wells in_ 3-6 

artesian wells in, records of 5-6 

shallow wells in 3 

Carancohue, wells near 16 

Carrizo Springs, wells near 51-52 

Cedar Bayou, wells at 31 

Center, well at, record of 65 

well at, water of, analysis of__ 65 

Chambers County, artesian wells in_ 30-31 

shallow wells in 30 

Chapel Hill, wells near 41 

Cherokee County, artesian wells in_ 63 

shallow wells in 63 

Chesterville, artesian wells near 3 

irrigation near 3 

Clay, wells at IL__ 60 

wells at, record of 61 

water of. analysis of 61 

Cleveland, well at, record of 44 

well at, water of, analysis of 44 

Clodine, wells at 24 

Colorado County, artesian wells in__ 40 

artesian wells in, record of 40 

shallow wells in 39 

Columbia, wells near 21 

Columbus, well at, record of 40 

69 



70 



INDEX. 



Page. 

Conroe, well at, record of 45-46 

well at, water of, analysis of 46 

Cooks Point, wells near 60 

Corpus Christi, elevation at 2 

Cotulla, wells near_ 53 

Counties, underground water in, de- 
scription of 3-67 

Courtney, wells near 42 

Cretaceous rocks, occurrence of 2 

Crockett, well at 63 

Cuero, well near, record of 35 

Cunningham farm, wells on 24 

D. 

Damon mound, well at 21 

Davenport, well at 56 

Deepwater, wells at 24, 25 

Deerpark, wells at 25 

Derby, wells at and near 54 

Dewet, wells at and near 36 

Dewitt County, artesian wells in 35 

artesian wells in, record of 35 

shallow wells in 34 

Dickinson, wells at and near 29 

Dies, well at 47 

well at, record of 47 

water of, analysis of 47 

Dimmit County, artesian wells in 51 

artesian wells in, record of 52 

shallow wells in 51 

Double Bayou, wells at and near 31 

Drainage, sketch of 2 

Duval County, artesian wells in 33 

shallow wells in 33 

E. 

Eagle Lake, wells near 39 

East Bernard, artesian wells near 3 

irrigation near 3 

Echo, wells at and near 33 

Edgewater, well at 29 

Edna, wells near 16 

El Campo, artesian wells near 3 

irrigation near 3 

Elevations, range of '. 2 

Encinal, well at 53 

Engle, wells near 39 

Erin, wells at 24 

F. 

Falfurrias, wells near 8 

Fayette County, artesian wells in 39 

shallow wells in 39 

Floresville, wells near 57 

Fort Bend County, deep wells in 24 

shallow wells in 24 

Freestone County, artesian wells in_ 63 

shallow wells in 63 

Frio County, artesian wells in 54 

shallow wells in__ 54 

view of 1 

Frio River, wells on 53 



G. 



Galveston, water supply of 3 

wellat 27 

record of 30 

Galveston County, artesian wells in_ 27-30 

artesian wells in, records of 28-30 

shallow wells in 27 

Galveston well, record of 12 

Genoa, wells at and near 25 

Gentry (Charles) well, record of_: 37-38' 

Geography, sketch of 1-2 

Geology, sketch of 2 

Gillis (John) ranch, well on 67 

Goball, well at 41 

Goliad, well near 34 

Goliad County, artesian wells in 34 

shallow wells in 34 

Gonzales, well near, record of 37 

Gonzales County, artesian wells in__ 35-38 

artesian wells in, record of 37-38 

shallow wells in 35 

Grant, well near : 60 

Gregg County, artesian wells in 66 

artesian wells in, record of 66 

shallow wells in 66 

Grimes County, artesian wells in 42 

artesian wells in, record of 42 

water of, analysis of 42 

shallow wells in 42 

Groveton, well at 63 

Guadalupe County, artesian wells in_ 57 

shallow wells in 57 



II. 



Hallettsville, wells at and near 38 

Hampshire, wells near 31 

Hardin County, artesian wells in 47-48 

artesian wells in, records of 47, 48 

water of, analyses of 47, 48 

shallow wells in 47 

Harris County, artesian wells in 114-27 

artesian wells in, record of 26-27 

shallow wells in 24 

Harrisburg, well near 25 

Harrison County, artesian wells in_ 67 

artesian wells in, record of 67 

shallow wells in 67 

Hawkins, well near 67 

Hawkinsville, well near 19 

Hidalgo County, artesian wells in 7-8 

artesian wells in, records of 7 

water of, analysis of 8 

shallow wells in 7 

Hearne, wells near 58 

Hempstead, wells at and near 41 

Hitchcock, wells near 29 

Hoskins Mound, well at, record of 23-24 

Houston, water supply of 3, 25 

wells at 24,25 

record of 26-27 

Houston County, artesian wells in__ 63 

shallow wells in 63 

Humble, well at , 25 



INDEX. 



71 



I. 

. Page. 

Inez, well near 16 

Irrigation, use of 3 

J. 

Jackson County, artesian wells in — 16-18 

artesian wells in, records of 17-18 

shallow wells in 16 

Jasper County, artesian wells in 48-50 

artesian wells in, records of 49-50 

water of, analysis of 50 

shallow wells in _ 48 

Jefferson, well at 67 

Jefferson County, artesian wells in_ 31-32 

artesian well in, record of _ 32 

shallow wells in 31 

K. 

Karnes City, well at 34 

Karnes County, artesian wells in 34 

shallow wells in 34 

Katy, wells at 24 

Kenard, wells near 63 

Kenedy Pasture Company"s wells, 

list of 4 

Kemper, wells near 16 

King ranch, wells on 5, 7, 10 

wells on, water of, analysis of_ 12 

Kirbyville, well at 48 

well at, record of 50 

water of, analysis of 50 

L. 

La-Porte, wells at and near 25 

Lasalle County, artesian wells in 53 

shallow wells in 53 

Lasater (E. C.) ranch, wells on 7 

wells on, waters of, analyses of_ 8, 9 

Laureles ranch, wells on 11 

Lavaca County, artesian wells in 38 

shallow wells in 38 

League City, wells at 29 

Lee County, artesian wells in 58 

shallow wells in 58 

Leesville, wells near 35-36 

Leobau, well near 58 

Leon County, artesian wells in 62 

shallow wells in 62 

Leon Springs, wells at 55 

Liberty, wells at and near 43 

Liberty County, artesian wells in 43-44 

artesian wells in, records of 43, 44 

water of, analyses of 43, 44 

shallow wells in 43 

Limestone County, artesian wells in_ 63 

shallow wells in 63 

Live Oak County, artesian wells in 34 

shallow wells in 33 

Location of region _=. 1 

Lockhart, wells near 57, 58 

Longview, well at, record of 66 

M. 

McMullen County, artesian wells in_ 54 

shallow wells in 53 



Page. 

Madison County, artesian wells in__ 62 

shallow wells in 62 

Manvel, well near 21 

Marion County, artesian wells in 67 

shallow wells in 67 

Markham, well near 19 

Marshall, well at 67 

Martindale. wells near 57 

Matagorda, well near 19 

Matagorda County, artesian wells in_ 19 

shallow wells in 19 

Maverick County, artesian wells in_ 51 

shallow wells in 51 

Maxwell, wells near 57 

Maysfield, well at 59 

Meadow Brook County farms, wells 

on 24 

Mesquite well, water of, analysis of_ 9 

Midfleld, well near 19 

Miguel, wells near 54 

Mikesha, well near 34 

Milam County, artesian wells in 59 

shallow wells in 59 

Montgomery County, artesian wells 

in 44-46 

artesian wells in, records of 44-46 

water of, analyses of- 45-46 

shallow wells in 44 

Morgan Point, wells at . 25 

Mount Belvien, wells at and near 31 

Myers, wells at and near 60 

N. 

Nacogdoches, wells near 64 

Nacogdoches County, artesian wells 

in 64 

shallow wells in 64 

Navasota well, record of 42 

water of, analysis of 42 

Newton County, artesian wells in 50 

shallow wells in 50 

Nueces County, artesian wells in 9-13 

artesian wells in, records of 10-12 

waters of, analyses of 12-13 

shallow wells in 8 

O. 

Oakhurst, well at 46 

Oakville, wells at and near 34 

O'Donnell (J. EL) farm, wells at 24 

Orange, wells at and near 32-33 

Orange County, artesian wells in 32-33 

shallow wells in 32 

Ovejas well, record of 6 

P. 

Palacios, wells at 19 

Palestine, wells at 63 

Panola County, artesian wells in 65 

shallow wells in 65 

Parker (Mit.) well, water of, analysis 

of 60 

Pasadena, wells at 25 

Pearsall, well near, view of 1 

wells near 54 



72 



INDEX. 



Pierce Station, well at, record of- 
Pittsbridge, wells at and near — 

Pleasanton, wells near 

Point Lavaca, wells near 

Polk County, artesian wells in — 

shallow wells in 

Port Arthur, well at 

Praha, wells at 

Q. 

Quintana, well near 



R. 



Pains County, artesian wells in 

shallow wells in 

Rancho, wells near 35 

Refugio County, artesian wells in 13- 

shallow wells in 

Rice, irrigation for 

Richmond, water supply of 

well at 

Rio Grande embayment, wells in 

wells in, plate showing 

Rita, wells near 

Robertson County, artesian wells in_ 58 

shallow wells in 

Rusk County, artesian wells in 

shallow wells in 



S. 



Sabine County, artesian wells in 63 

artesian wells in, record of 

water of, analysis of 

shallow wells in 

Sabine pass, well at 

well at, record of i_ 

San Antonio, water supply oT 

wells at and near 

San Augustine County, artesian wells 

in 

shallow wells in 

San Jacinto County, artesian wells 

in 

shallow wells in 

San Miguel Creek, wells on 

San Patricio County, artesian wells 

in 

shallow wells in 

Sandy Point, well near 

Santa Clara well, record of 

Sauz ranch, wells at and near, rec- 
ords of 

Schulenburg, wells at 

Seabrook, wells at and near 

Seeligson ranch, wells on_ 

wells on, record of 

water of, analysis of 

Seguin, well near 

Shelby County, artesian wells in 

artesian wells in, record of 

water of, analysis of 

shallow wells in 

Shiner, wells at and near 



20 
60 
55 
14 
46 
46 
31 
39 



21 



65 
65 
-37 
-14 
13 
3 
24 
24 

6 

60 
-59 
58 
65 
65 



-64 
64 
64 
63 
31 
32 
3 
56 

63 
63 

46 
46 
54 

13 
13 

21 
12 



Tage. 

Silsbee, well at 47 

well at, record of 47 

water of, analysis of 47 

Smith County, artesian wells in 66 

shallow wells in 66 

Somerville, well near 60 

Starr County, artesian wells in 8-9 

artesian wells in, water of, anal- 
ysis of 9 

shallow wells in 8 

Steeles store, well near 61 

Stockdale, well near 57 

Stone City, well at and near 60, 61, 62 

Stowell, well near 31 

Strange, wells at 25 

Streams, character of 2 

Stribling well, record of 32 

Sugar Land, wells near 24 

Sullivan (D. ) ranch, wells on 7 

Surf side, wells near 21 

Sutherland Springs, well near 57 

T. 

Tertiary rocks, occurrence of 2 

Texas City, wells at 29 

Texas Land and Cattle Company"s 

ranch, wells on 11 

Thorndale, well at 59 

Tilden, wells at and near 54 

Topography, sketch of 2 

Trinity River, well at, record of 43 

well at, water of, analysis of 43 

Tunis, well near, water of, analysis 

of 60 

Tyler County, artesian wells in 48 

shallow wells in 48 



TJ. 



Underground water, description of, 

by counties 3-67 

Union, well near 57 

Upshur County, artesian wells in 67 

shallow wells in 67 



V. 



Van Zandt County, artesian wells in 65 

shallow wells in 65 

Vanraub, wells near 55 

Velasco, wells near 21 

Victoria, well at and near 16 

Victoria County, artesian wells in__ 15-16 

shallow wells in 15 

Votaw, well at 47 

well at, record of 48 

water of, analysis of 48 

W. 

Wadsworth, well near 19 

Walker County, artesian wells in 46 

shallow wells in 40 

Waller County, artesian wells in 41 



INDEX. 



73 



Tage. 

Waller County, shallow wells in 41 

Waller, well near 41 

Wallisville, well at 31 

Ward and Russell ranch, wells on — 7 

Washington, well at 41 

Washington County, artesian wells 

in 41 

shallow wells in 41 

Water, underground, description of, 

by counties 3-67 

importance of 2-3 

Webb County, artesian wells in 51 

shallow wells in 50 

Webster, artesian wells near 3 

irrigation near 3 

wells at and near 25 

Wells, artesian, flow of 3 

location of, map showing 2 

occurrence of 2-3 

views of 4, 54 

Wharton County, artesian wells in_ 19-21 

artesian wells in, record of 20—21 

shallow wells in 19 



Page. 
White Sulphur well, water of, anal- 
ysis of 8 

Whittaker, wells at and near 60 

Wiess and Sanders ranch, wells on_ 48 

wells on, records of 49-50 

Wiess Bluff, well near 48 

Wilson County, artesian wells in 57 

shallow wells in 57 

Wood County, artesian wells in 66 

shallow wells in 66 

Woodville, well near 48 

Wooster, well near 25 

Wrightsboro, wells near 35-36 

Y. 

Yoakum, well at 35 

Yorktown, wells at 35 

Z. 

Zapata County, artesian wells in 33 

shallow wells in 33 

Zavalla County, artesian wells in — 52 

shallow wells in 52 



CLASSIFICATION OF THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL 

SURVEY. 

[Water-Supply Paper Mo. 190.] 

The publications of the United States Geological Survey consist of (1) Annual 
Reports, (2) Monographs, (3) Professional Papers, (4) Bulletins, (5) Mineral 
Resources, (6) Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers, (7) Topographic Atlas of United 
States — folios and separate sheets thereof, (8) Geologic Atlas of United States — folios 
thereof. The classes numbered 2, 7, and 8 are sold at cost of publication; the others 
are distributed free. A circular giving complete lists can be had on application. 

Most of the above publications can be obtained or consulted in the following ways: 

1. A limited number are delivered to the Director of the Survey, from whom they 
can be obtained, free of charge (except classes 2, 7, and 8), on application. 

2. A certain number are delivered to Senators and Representatives in Congress for 
distribution. 

3. Other copies are deposited with the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, 
D. C, from whom they can be had at prices slightly above cost. 

4. Copies of all Government publications are furnished to the principal public 
libraries in the large cities throughout the United States, where they can be consulted 
by those interested. 

The Professional Papers, Bulletins, and Water-Supply Papers treat of a variety of 
subjects, and the total number issued is large. They have therefore been classified 
into the following series: A, Economic geology; B, Descriptive geology; C, System- 
atic geology and paleontology; D, Petrography and mineralogy; E, Chemistry and 
physics; F, Geography; G, Miscellaneous; H, Forestry; I, Irrigation; J, Water stor- 
age; K, Pumping water; L, .Quality of water; M, General hydrographic investiga- 
tions; N, Water power; 0, Underground waters; P, Hydrographic progress reports. 
This paper is the sixty-seventh in Series 0, the complete list of which follows: (PP= 
Professional Paper; B=Bulletin; WS= Water-Supply Paper): 

SERIES 0, UNDERGROUND WATERS. 

WS 4. A reconnaissance in southeastern Washington, by I. C. Russell. 1897. 96 pp., 7 pis. (Out of 

stock.) 
WS 6. Underground waters of southwestern Kansas, by Erasmus Haworth. .1897. 65 pp., 12 pis. 

(Out of stock ) 
WS 7. Seepage waters of northern Utah, by Samuel Fortier. 1897. 50 pp., 3 pis. (Out of stock.) 
WS 12. Underground waters of southeastern Nebraska, by N. H. Darton. 1898. 56 pp., 21 pis. (Out 

of stock.) 
WS 21. Wells of northern Indiana, by Frank Leverett. 1899. 82 pp., 2 pis. (Out of stock.) 
WS 26. Wells of southern Indiana (continuation of No. 21), by Frank Leverett. 1899. 64 pp. (Out 

of stock.) 
WS 30. Water resources of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, by A. C. Lane. 1899. 97 pp., 7 pis. (Out 

of stock.) 
WS 31. Lower Michigan mineral waters, by A. C. Lane. 1899. 97 pp., 4 pis. (Out of stock.) ■ 
WS 34. Geology and vater resources of a portion of southeastern South Dakota, by J. E. Todd. 1900. 

34 pp., 19 pis. 
WS 53. Geology and water resources of Nez Perces County, Idaho, Pt. 1, by 1. C. Russell. 1901. 

86 pp., 10 pis. (Out of stock.) 
WS 54. Geology and water resources of Nez Perces County, Idaho, Pt. II, by I. C. Russell. 1901. 

87-141 pp. (Out oi stock. ) 

I 



II SERIES LIST, 

WS 55. Geology and water resources of a portion of Yakima County, Wash., by G. O. Smith. 1901. 

68 pp., 7 pis. (Out of stock.) 
WS 57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Pt. I, by N. H. Darton. 1902. 60 pp. 

(Out of stock.) 
WS 59. Development and application of water in southern California, Pt. I, by J. B. Lippincott. 1902. 

95 pp., 11 pis. (Out of stock.) 
WS 60. Development and application of water in southern California, Pt. II, by J. B. Lippincott. 1902. 

96-140 pp. (Out of stock.) 
WS 61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Pt. II, by N. H. Darton. 1902. 67 pp. 

(Out of stock.) 
WS 67. The motions of underground waters, by C. S. Slichter. 1902. 106 pp., 8 pis. (Out of stock.) 
B 199. Geology and water resources of the Snake River Plains of Idaho, by I. C. Russell. 1902. 192 

pp., 25 pis. 
WS 77. Water resources of Molokai, Hawaiian Islands, by Waldemar Lindgren. 1903. 62 pp., 4 pis. 
WS 78. Preliminary report on artesian basins in southwestern Idaho and southeastern Oregon, by 

I.C.Russell. 1903. 53 pp., 2 pis. 
PP 17. Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of Nebraska west of the one hundred 

and third meridian by N. H. Darton. 1903. 69 pp., 43 pis. 
WS 90. Geology and water resources of a part of the lower James River Valley, South Dakota, by J. E. 

Todd and C. M. Hall. 1904. 47 pp., 23 pis. 
WS 101. Underground waters of southern Louisiana, by G. D. Harris, with discussions of their uses 

for water supplies and for rice irrigation, by M. L. Fuller. 1904. 98 pp., 11 pis. 
WS 102. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1903, by M. L. Fuller. 1904. 522 pp. 
WS 104. Underground waters of Gila Valley, Arizona, by W. T. Lee. 1904. 71 pp., 5 pis. 
WS 106. Water resources of the Philadelphia district, by Florence Bascom. 1904. 75 pp., 4 pis. 
WS 110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 

1904. 211 pp., 5 pis. 

PP 32. Geology and underground water resources of the central Great Plains, by N. H. Darton. 1904. 

433 pp., 72 pis. (Out of stock.) 
WS 111. Preliminary report on underground waters of Washington by Henry Landes. 1904. 85 pp., 

I pi. 
WS 112. Underflow tests in the drainage basin of Los Angeles River, by Homer Hamlin. 1904. 55 

pp., 7 pis. 
WS 114. "Underground waters of eastern United States, by M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1904. 

285 pp., 18 pis. 
WS 118. Geology and water resources of east-central Washington, by F. C. Calkins. 1905. 96 pp., 

4 pis. 

B 252. Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of central Oregon, by I. C. Russell. 
1905. 138 pp., 24 pis. 

WS 120. Bibliographic review and index of papers relating to underground waters published by the 
United States Geological Survey, 1879-1904, by M. L. Fuller. 1905. 128 pp. 

WS 122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D. W. Johnson. 1905. 55 pp. 

WS 123. Geology and underground water conditions of the Jornada del Muerto, New Mexico, by C. R. 
Keyes. 1905. 42 pp. 9 pis. 

WS 136. Undergroundwaters of the Salt River Valley, by W. T. Lee. 1905. 194 pp., 24 pis. 

B 264. Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. Veatch. 1905. 
106 pp. 

PP 44. Underground water resources of Long Island, New York, by A. C. Veatch and others. 1905. 
394 pp., 34 pis. 

WS 137. Development of underground waters in the eastern coastal plain region of southern Cali- 
fornia, by W. C. Mendenhall. 1905. 140 pp., 7 pis. 

WS 138. Development of underground waters in the central coastal plain region of southern Cali- 
fornia, by W. C. Mendenhall. 1905. 162 pp., 5 pis. 

WS 139. Development of underground waters in the western coastal plain region of southern Cali- 
fornia, by W. C. Mendenhall. 1905. 105 pp., 7 pis. 

WS 140. Field menasrements of tbe rate of movemen of underground waters, by C. S. Slichter. 1905. 
122 pp., 15 pis. 

WS 141. Observations on the ground waters of Rio Grande Valley, by C. S. Slichter. 1905. 83 pp., 

5 pis. 

WS142. Hydrology of San Bernardino Valley, California, by W. C. Mendenhall. 1905. 124 pp., 13 pis. 
W 145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 

1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. 

WS 148. Geology and water resources of Oklahoma, by C. N. Gould. 1905. 178 pp., 22 pis. 

WS 149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition, with additions, by 

N. H. Darton. 1905. 175 pp. 
PP 46. Geology and underground water resources of northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas, by 

A. C. Veatch. 1906. 422 pp., 51 pis. 
WS 153. The underflow in Arkansas Valley in western Kansas, by C. S. Slichter. 1906. 90 pp., 3 pis. 



SERIES LIST. Ill 

WS 154. The geology and water resources of the eastern portion of the Panhandle of Texas, by C. N. 

Gould. 1906. 64 pp., 15 pis. 
WS 155. Fluctuations of the water level in wells, with special reference to Long Island, New York, by 

A. C.Veatch. 1906. 83 pp., 9 pis. 
WS 157. Underground water in the valleys of Utah Lake and Jordan River, Utah, by G. B. Richardson. 

1906. 81pp., 9 pis. 
WS 158. Preliminary report on the geology and underground waters of the Roswell artesian area, 

New Mexico, by C. A Fisher. 1906. 29 pp., 9 pis. 
PP 52. Geology and underground waters of the Arkansas Valley in eastern Colorado, by N. H. Darton. 

1906. 90 pp., 28 pis. 
WS 159. Summary of underground-water resources of Mississippi, by A. F. Crider and L. C. Johnson. 

1906. 86 pp., 6 pis. 
PP 53. Geology and water resources of the Bighorn basin, Wyoming, by C. A. Fisher. 1906. 72 pp., 

16 pis. 
WS 160. Underground-water papers, 1906, by M. L. Fuller. 1906. 104 pp., 1 pi. ( Out of stock.) 
WS 163. Bibliographic review and index of underground-water literature published in the United 

States in 1905, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, and B. L. Johnson. 1906. 130 pp. 
WS 164. Underground waters of Tennessee and Kentucky west of Tennessee River and of an adja- 
cent area in Illinois, by L. C. Glenn. 1906. 173 pp., 7 pis. 
WS 181. Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California, by W. T. Lee. 1906. 28 pp., 6 pis. 

(Out of stock.) 
•WS 182. Flowing wells and municipal water supplies in the southern portion of the Southern Penin- 
sula of Michigan, by Frank Leverett and others. 1906. 292 pp., 5 pis. 
WS 183. Flowing wells and municipal water supplies in the middle and northern portions of the 

Southern Peninsula of Michigan, by Frank Leverett and others. 1906. 393 pp., 5 pis. 
B 298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 1906. 299 pp. 
WS 184. The underflow of the South Platte Valley, by C. S. Slichter and H. C. Wolff. 1906. 42 pp. 
WS 188. Water resources of the Rio Grande Valley in New Mexico and their development, by W. T. 

Lee. 1906. 59 pp., 10 pis. 
WS 190. Underground waters of Coastal Plain of Texas, by T. U. Taylor. 1907. 73 pp., 3 pis. 

The following papers also relate to this subject: Underground waters of Arkansas Valley in east- 
ern Colorado, by G. K. Gilbert, in Seventeenth Annual, Pt. II; Preliminary report on artesian waters 
of a portion of the Dakotas, by N. H. Darton, in Seventeenth Annual, Pt. II; Water resources of 
Illinois, by Frank Leverett, in Seventeenth Annual, Pt. II; Water resources of Indiana and Ohio, 
by Frank Leverett, in Eighteenth Annual, Pt. IV; New developments in well boring and irrigation 
in eastern South Dakota, by N. H. Darton, in Eighteenth Annual, Pt. IV; Rock waters of Ohio, 
by Edward Orton, in Nineteenth Annual, Pt. IV; Artesian-well prospects in the Atlantic coastal 
plain region, by N. H. Darton, Bulletin No. 138. 

Correspondence should be addressed to 

The Director, 

United States Geological Survey, 

Washington, D. C. 
April, 1907. 

o 

irr 190—07 6 



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